A Brief Look at William Byrd - 761 Words

While researching the style period the Renaissance, I came about the composer William Byrd. He played a large role in the paper I instructed and thus caught my attention. I chose William Bryd as the subject for this paper merely because according to â€Å"The Top 8 Renaissance Composer† Article by Aaron Green, he was considered by many to be a â€Å"genius† on the keyboard and perhaps the greatest English composer of all time. Other aspect about William Bryd I found interesting was his interact with Queen Elizabeth I and Thomas Tallis, and this major works like â€Å"Latin motets or Cantiones Sacrae† along with many more. William Byrd’s early life is unknown; He is believed to have been born in London sometime between 1539 and 1545. The exact date is unclear. He was one of seven children. He had four sisters, Alice, Barbara, Mary, and Martha and two brothers, Simon and John. His parents were Thomas and Margery Byrd. There is no written record of William Byrd’s education, however he was a well-educated man, able to read and write very well in this time. William married in 1568 to a Juliana. They then had seven children and a lifelong happy marriage. He eventually after a strong career as a composer or chorister died on July 4th 1623 in a small village of Essex and was buried in an unmarked grave. William was a top composer in the Renaissance era and composed a large number of astounding musical pieces. Many believe that William Byrd outdid any other composers of his era and called him â€Å"aShow MoreRelatedEssay about King Lear and Madness in the Renaissance1547 Words   |  7 Pagesn ature and it is likely that his madness is caused by an excess of that humour. Goneril describes his choler and foreshadows his madness in an early attempt to discredit him: The best and soundest of his time hath been but rash; then must we look from his age to recieve, not alone the imperfections of long-engraffed condition, but therewithal the unruly waywardness that infirm and choleric years bring with them. (1.2.294-298) In Bartholomeus model madness caused by an excess of cholerRead MoreShould Black Men Around the World Be Placed on the Endangered Species List1938 Words   |  8 PagesOliver were released on bail and Detective Cooper on his own recognizance. On April 25, 2008, all three of the police officers indicted were acquitted on all counts (Baker, P17). On June 7, 1998, James Byrd Jr, accepted a ride from Shawn Allen Berry, Lawrence Russell Brewer, and John William, who would have guessed this would have been the last ride of his live. Instead of taking James home, the three men took James behind a convenience store, beating him unconscious, stripped him naked, chainedRead MoreEssay on The Origin of The Beatles3014 Words   |  13 Pagesmusicians had been brought in, the 15-year-old guitarist George Harrison (b. 25 February 1943, Liverpool, England) and an art school friend of Lennons, Stuart Sutcliffe (b. 23 June 1940, Edinburgh, Scotland, d. 10 April 1962, Hamburg, Germany). After a brief spell as Johnny And The Moondogs, the band rechristened themselves the Silver Beetles, and, in April 1960, played before impresario Larry Parnes, winning the dubious distinction of a support slot on an arduous tour of Scotland with autumnal idol JohnnyRead MoreLaci Peterson5018 Words   |  21 PagesUniversity of Washington; testified fo r the defense during the penalty phase of Scott Petersons trial on December 6, 2004, telling the court that he once did gardening work for a neighbor with multiple sclerosis; stated that Scott Peterson was someone to look up to; recalled that, when she was playing soccer, Scott and Laci Peterson would attend the games; noted that Scott Peterson tried hard to become a friend to her when she was living with Lee and Jackie Peterson during the time she was in high school;Read MoreFundamental Financial Accounting Concepts13807 Words   |  56 Pagescompany New South Corporation Retail gift shop A Look Back Merchandising companies earn profits by selling inventory at prices that are higher than the cost paid for the goods. Merchandising companies include retail companies (companies that sell goods to the final consumer) and wholesale companies (companies that sell to other merchandising companies). The products sold by merchandising companies ll d h h i i i d d i f A Look Back/A Look Forward Students need a roadmap to make sense of where  theRead MoreThe Sound and Music Industry15531 Words   |  63 PagesTutor: Adam Morris Assessor: Date Set: 10/09/07 Completion Date: 18/11/07 Learning Hours: 60 Unit no Unit Title(s): This project assesses the following module Outcome(s)/Assessment Criteria: 39 The Sound and Music Industry 1 Assignment BRIEF: This assignment will introduce different areas of the music industry and should on completion, provide an overview of the ‘bigger picture of the industry as a whole. This essay is split into (a) areas (b) careers and (c) royalties but there

Ludwig Van Beethoven ( 1770-1827 ) - 858 Words

Introduction Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) was a German composer, pianist and a key figure in the evolution of Classical music to Romanticism. While he is known as a key figure in the musical world, he faced the challenge of losing his hearing within the last 10 years of his life. History Born in the city of Bonn, Germany to Maria Magdalena and Johann van Beethoven. Naturally gifted in the field of music since a young age, he was first taught by his alcoholic father, who was rumored to have, â€Å"flogged, locked in the cellar and deprived of sleep for extra hours of practice,† (bio.com) and, â€Å"made to stand at the keyboard, was often in tears,† (worldofbeethoven.com)before being taught by several other famous teachers: Court organist Gilles van den Eeden, Tobias Friedrich Pfeiffer, who taught Beethoven the piano, and Franz Rovantini, a relative, who instructed him in playing the violin and viola. After 1779, Beethoven started his studies under Christian Gottlob Neefe, a renowned opera composer and conductor. Ludwig was also known to have been a close friend of prolific Austrian composer Joseph Haydn and intended to study with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Music Beethoven’s music, which was broken up into three periods, also reflected his hearing loss. His Early Period music, which contained higher notes, had a number of was known for a number of famous pieces, including Symphony No. 1 and 2, Opus 18 and several piano sonatas, including Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor, Op. 13, orShow MoreRelatedLudwig Van Beethoven ( 1770-1827 )1428 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) was a German composer, a representative of the Viennese classical musical school; was born in Bonn, but spent most of his life in Vienna. Notably, Beethoven s music is a complex synthesis of creative achievements of the Viennese classics (Gluck, Haydn, Mozart); art of the French Revolution; and the new emerging artistic direction, Romanticism. The works of Beethoven bear the imprint of ideology, aesthetics, and art of the Enlightenment. This explains the logic,Read MoreEssay on Ludwig Van Beethoven1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthe people on it as a whole, you see that there are very few influential people whose actions or opinions strongly influence the course of events. Ludwig Van Beethoven, a German musician, is one of those very few. He was an extraordinary musician that lived through hardship and had the horrific fate of deafness, any musician’s worst nightmare. Beethoven left a wall standing in history that captured the art of sounds and worked it beyond imagination into music so fragile and pure yet onerous, unableRead MoreBeethovens Life Outline1208 Words   |  5 Pages1. Intro: Composer Ludwig van Beethoven was an innovator, widening the scope of sonata, symphony, concerto, and quartet, and combining vocals and instruments in a new way. His personal life was marked by a struggle against deafness, and some of his most important works were composed during the last 10 years of his life, when he was quite unable to hear. He is an crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, a pianist, a composer who remains one ofRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1701 Words   |  7 Pages Ludwig van Beethoven Music has been around a long time and is a big part of America’s history. There are many styles of music such as, Rap, RB, Jazz, Classical, Oldies and so on. There has been many great composers throughout the years, these people are legends that will stand for ever such as, Beethoven, George Frideric Handel, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The one artist that I’m going to write about in this paper is the one and only Ludwig van Beethoven. Beethoven was a deaf GermanRead MoreThe History And Transitions Of Music933 Words   |  4 Pageshad many talented persons that have influenced music but none are so well known as Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. All three of these great composers performed during the Classic period and it would act as the base of classic music for the next one hundred and fifty, to two hundred years. The names of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven are so well known that people who have little to no knowledge of music will recognize their names. The urban communities of AustriaRead MoreBeethoven Biography1409 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827 [pic] [pic] Ludwig van Beethoven is perhaps the most famous and influential of all the pianist composers of his time. He was considered instrumental in the transition of between the classical and romantic eras in Western Art Music. Beethoven was born on December 16th, 1770 in Bonn (now called Cologne, Germany) to parents of Belgian descent. His father, Johann, was a musician at the court of Bonn, and his mother,Read MoreLudwig Van Beethoven : An Impact On Music733 Words   |  3 PagesLudwig Van Beethoven No other composer or musical artist has made as big of an impact on music as Ludwig Van Beethoven. He influenced many other composers, and made some of the most beautiful pieces that are still played today. It is truly amazing that he was able to master his craft and become questionably the greatest composer that has ever lived, despite having a condition that would seem to make composing music impossible. Beethoven, being born so long ago, does not have an exact recordedRead MoreA Short Research Paper On Ludwig Van Beethoven1269 Words   |  6 PagesA Short Research Paper on LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN MUS 1030 Walters State Community College Robbie Poteete, Instructor NIC NIX APRIL 22, 2016 Although there have been many famous composers over the years, probably none are as well-known as Ludwig van Beethoven. Regardless of one’s particular preference of musical style, almost everyone can quickly recognize Fur Elise, Moonlight Sonata, Ode to Joy, or Symphony 5. Beethoven â€Å"was born during the age of the Enlightenment, came to maturity duringRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven : The First Four Notes1432 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven Do you think you could identify a composer’s work is the first four notes of their piece? A note sequence of short, short, short, long describes one of the most iconic classical symphonies of all time. For most people in the world this German composer has made that possible with the amount of success he achieved in his career. This composer has influenced generations of music makers and listeners from the 1800’s to today. Undoubtingly one of the most influential, well-knownRead MoreLudwig van Beethoven Essay952 Words   |  4 Pagesmusic period. Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the composers, along with other greats of the time like Haydn and Mozart, which helped to create a new type of music. This new music had full rich sounds created by the new construction of the symphony orchestra. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in the town of Bonn, Germany on December 16 of 1770. Bonn is located in western Germany on the Rhine River. Beethoven showed an affinity for music at an early age. His father, Johann, taught Ludwig to play the

Colgate In Argentina Essay Example For Students

Colgate In Argentina Essay IntroductionColgate was founded in the United States in 1806 and for the first 100 years, its business focus was only there. However, in the very early 1900s, the Company began a very aggressive expansion program that led to the establishment of Colgate operations throughout the world. Today, Colgate-Palmolive is a $9 billion company, marketing its products in over 200 countries and territories under such internationally recognized brand names as Colgate, Palmolive, Ajax, Fab, and Mennen as well as Hills Science Diet and Hills Prescription Diet. Colgate Total is considered the greatest evolution in toothpaste since the introduction of fluoride. This highly effective formula, containing fluoride and the antimicrobial ingredient, Triclosan, has been demonstrated clinically to help prevent gingivitis, plaque, cavities and tartar. And, its unique patented formula, containing the co-polymer, Gantrez, continues to be active between brushings. It continues to work fighting plaque, gingiviti s, tartar and cavities after you stop brushing, even if you eat or drink. No other toothpaste manufactured in the US contains Triclosan or has been cleared to make claims for gingivitis and plaque reduction. Since the announcement of the FDA clearance of Colgate Total on July 14, 1997, retailers have expressed unprecedented enthusiasm and interest. Dr. Sigmund S. Socransky, Associate Professor of Oral Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and Senior Member of the Staff and Head, Departments of Microbiology and Periodontology, Forsyth Dental Center, said, Colgate Total represents one of the most remarkable oral therapeutic achievements in the last 20 years. Colgate Total will benefit the oral health of all users. The most common non-contagious diseases are periodontal diseases such as gingivitis. In fact, 63% of Americans suffer from gingivitis. As the only toothpaste with this formula, Colgate Total will help Americans take greater care of their teeth and gums than ever before and will help younger people prevent these dental problems. Since Colgate Total was introduced internationally in 1992, over half a billion tubes have been purchased by millions of consumers in 103 countries. However, before permitting it to be marketed in the US, the FDA conducted an extensive review of data in Colgates clinical tests. These included five major studies that supported the safety and efficacy of the toothpaste. Independent dental associations in 30 countries, including the American, Canadian and British Dental Associations, have awarded seals of acceptance to Colgate Total. Colgate Total will begin shipping to food, drug and mass merchandisers nationwide on December 15, 1997, and will have a suggested retail price of $2.49, $2.99 and $3.49 for 4.2, 6.0 and 7.8 ounce tubes, respectively. Colgate-Palmolive is a leading global consumer products company tightly focused on Oral Care, Personal Care, Household Care, Fabric Care and Pet Nutrition. In the U.S., Colgate sells its quality products under such nationally recognized brand names as Colgate, Palmolive, Mennen, Ajax, Irish Spring, Softsoap, Murphy Oil Soap, Ultra Brite, Baby Magic and Fab, as well as Hills Science Diet and Hills Prescription Diet pet foods. Executive summarySuccessful international marketers possess the ability to identify with and adapt to different cultural environments. International marketing requires that one actively anticipate the effects both foreign and domestic uncontrollable environments exert over the marketing mix, and then adequately adjust the marketing mix to minimize potential negative effects. Often times an international marketers self-reference criterion impede his or her ability to accurately assess and properly respond to foreign operating environments. Rather than rely on their own self reliance criteria, international marketers must conduct far-reaching, comprehensive cultural and economic analyses of potential foreign markets in order to develop more e ffective and responsive marketing mixes that improve the success potential of their market-development strategies. Argentina certainly represents a viable market-development opportunity for Colgate Total toothpaste. U.S. companies intending to export to Argentina should consider economic, demographic, as well as cultural characteristics that differentiate it from other Latin American countries. Having the highest per capita gross domestic product and the second highest total gross domestic product and life expectancy in Latin America, as well as low rates of population increase and illiteracy rates, Argentina attracts many business opportunities. The population and economic activity are highly concentrated in the Greater Buenos Aires area. The population is largely of European descent and continues to have strong ethnic, cultural, as well as business ties with Europe. Consumer preferences tend to resemble more those of Europeans than those of other Latin America nationals. However, revenues are highly dependent on MERCOSUR trade, especially with Brazil, and the regional economic situation. In many sectors, European competitors of U.S. firms are already present in the market, and may be well entrenched. Nevertheless, the U.S. is Argentinas single largest trade and investment partner and many U.S. firms have been very successful. U.S. lifestyle and consumption habits are increasingly influential. U.S. products have a strong reputation for quality and technological innovation, but U.S. firms are sometimes seen as lacking commitment to the market. It is important to be prepared for a competitive market environment. As in many cou ntries, personal relationships are fundamental to doing business in Argentina. Success requires taking the time to develop a close personal relationship with your representative, agent or distributor. Marketing U.S. products and services in Argentina requires the same level of research, preparation and involvementif not moreas domestic marketing. U.S. firms handicap themselves if their product literature, labels, manuals and other written materials are not in Spanish. When preparing Spanish-language materials, care should be taken to ensure the meaning is consistent for all Spanish-speaking markets in which they will be used. Argentine Spanish differs for example, from Mexican or Chilean Spanish, with unintended and sometimes embarrassing meanings resulting when a translator is not familiar with variations in the language from market to market. After analyzing the product and its uses and establishing who the potential customers are, U.S. companies intending to export to Argentina should identify the geographical areas where the major users of the product are. It should be born in mind that 80 percent of the Argentine population is concentrated in urban areas, with over 35% living in Buenos Aires and its suburbs, and almost 10% in three cities Cordoba, Rosario and Mendoza and their suburbs. Argentina experienced a boom in economic growth in the early 1990s as a result of its structural reform (privatizations, trade liberalization, etc) and monetary stability. Real GDP growth averaged over 6% for the 1991-97 period. Since October 1997, a series of international financial shocks coupled with a fall in international commodity prices have translated into lower growth rates. After growth of 8.4% in 1997, GDP percent in 1998 grew 4.3. In the second semester of 1998 Argentina entered into a recession. Most experts predict negative growth of between -2.5 and -3.5 for 1999, with a possible return to positive growth in the second half of the year 2000. Despite the current recession, Argentina with a track record of macroeconomic stability, a growing and sophisticated consumer market, free capital flows, lucrative access to Mercosur and nondiscriminatory foreign investment regime remains an attractive emerging market for U.S. trade and investment. Many U.S. and other foreign firms continue having strong interest in taking advantage of opportunities in Argentina arising from Mercosur. Major U.S. investors, including car manufacturers and food processors access Mercosur markets through operations in Argentina. Mercosur has become a key element of the business strategy of many foreign manufacturing and services firms in Argentina. To avoid reliance on self-reference criterion during the marketing plan development process, the international marketer carefully researched Argentinas unique cultural elements (i.e.: geographic setting, social institutions, religion and aesthetics, living conditions and language) and economic elements (i.e.: population, economic statistics and activity, and developments in science and technology). The information gathered through these analyses helped the international marketer to identify key strategic issues and to formulate actionable strategies for the introduction of Colgate Total toothpaste in Argentina. Furthermore, the unique cultural and economic elements exhibited by Argentina guided the international marketer in making decisions throughout the international marketing planning process, which consists of the following four phases: preliminary analysis and screeningadapting the marketing mixdeveloping the marketing mixcontrol and evaluation. Preliminary Analysis and Screenin gIn the process of conducting a situation analysis, the marketer must identify the strengths and weaknesses of Colgate-Palmolive and Colgate Total toothpaste along with the opportunities and threats present in Argentina. Smoking out key strategic issues naturally flows from drawing connections between the strengths and opportunities, strengths and threats, weaknesses and opportunities, and weaknesses and threats of Colgate-Palmolive and Argentina respectively. The most relevant strategic issues related to the introduction of Colgate Total toothpaste in Argentina are listed under the following subheadings: Deep Capital Reservoirs Capable of Fueling Market DevelopmentColgate-Palmolive achieved a recorded-setting cash flow of $917 million for 1996, up 13 percent from 1995. Furthermore, on March 6, 1997, the Board of Directors declared a 17 percent dividend increase and a two-for-one stock split starting April 25, 1997. Undoubtedly, overcoming major barriers to market entry, such as the high costs of educating the public about prevention of periodontal disease, strengthening product distribution intensity, and gaining strategic shelf positioning, would require Colgate-Palmolive to shell out huge amounts of capital. In addition to already having a record supply of internal capital at its disposal, Colgate-Palmolive, could capitalize on stockholder confidence to raise the marginal capital it needs to aggressively introduce Colgate Total toothpaste in Argentina. Experience Curve to Facilitate New Product IntroductionWhen applied to Colgate-Palmolive, the experience curve concept states that product costs, corrected for inflation, decline with accumulated output. Learning effects, technological improvements, and economies of scale are the three sources for cost declines vis-?-vis increases in volume. With its extensive expertise in research and development (introduced 602 new products world-wide in 1996), manufacturing, distribution (Colgate Distribution 2000), sales, and marketing its products on a global scale, Colgate-Palmolive would benefit from these gains in worker skill and output with Colgate Total toothpaste in Argentina. Furthermore, Colgate-Palmolive would likely call on several of its factories located in South America to manufacture Colgate Total for Argentina before purchasing domestic production facilities. Foreign-based factories could realize short-term economies of scale until Colgate-Palmolive decides it would like to make a long-term commitment with respect to production in Argentina. Product R;D Capable of Meeting Evolving Consumer NeedsStrong global growth in unit volume for Colgate-Palmolive resulted from the introduction of 602 new products by its research and development team. Similar to other developing nations, as personal income grows in Argentina, consumer needs will tend to evolve towards that of a higher order-based on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Newly initiated members of the middle class in Argentina will become more concerned with their health and capable of paying for related products. Since Colgate-Palmolive already markets many oral and personal care products, it could benefit from capitalizing on this growing market in Argentina. Colgate Total toothpaste could serve as the lead product that would leverage future line extensions in the form of oral care products. Gantrez Gives Colgate Total a Sustainable Competitive AdvantageA product must fulfill the following criteria in order to possess a strategic competitive advantage: (1) better than competing products with respect to a feature/advantage/benefit that customers and competitors perceive as meaningful, (2) better by a significant amount and not imitable, and (3) advantage must be perceived by customers and competitors. First, Gantrez, a co-polymer additive and key ingredient in Colgate Total toothpaste, prolongs the retention of fluoride, Tricloscan and other active ingredients that help prevent plaque, gingivitis, cavities, tartar, and bad breath on oral and soft tissues. Gantrez prolongs product benefits for up to twelve hours after brushing, even after product users eat or drink something, giving their teeth unparalleled protection against periodontal disease. Second, performance of and benefits derived from comparably-priced products do not even compare to that of Colgate Total toothpaste, and due to the patent on Gantrez, competitors may not easily copy this product. Third, both consumers and competitors perceive Colgate Total as one of the greatest achievements in oral care over the last 20 years. Essentially, Gantrez provides Colgate Total with a sustainable competitive advantage over competing products in Argentina, which affords Colgate the opportunity to implement a niche-based differentiation marketing strategy. After performing the situation analysis, the marketer must then position Colgate Total Toothpaste to appeal to the needs of a customer segment whose members are identifiable and accessible an d also demonstrate adequate potential and responsiveness. When positioning a product, the marketer must proceed through each of the following three steps:segmentationtarget market selectionpositioningFollowing the processes and fulfilling the criteria involved with the aforementioned steps required by this process yielded the following positioning statement: To position Colgate Total toothpaste as offering superior prevention of periodontal diseases to members of middle class households between the ages of 6 and 45 with the competitive superiority of prolonged protection of oral and soft tissues based on its patented co-polymer additive, Gantrez. A specialty niche positioning strategy best matches the features, advantages and benefits of Colgate Total toothpaste. Ultimately, Colgate-Palmolive should market Colgate Total toothpaste to younger, married, middle class, Argentine women. Gender roles dictate that women exert considerable influence over family related purchase decisions. E specially with respect to convenience and shopping goods, the wife of the household plays the role(s) of the initiator, information gatherer, influencer, decision-maker, and purchasing agent. Adapting the Marketing MixLaying the groundwork for making marketing mix decisions, the product-market definition serves to keep marketing strategies focused. To fulfill the criteria for the product-market definition, the marketer must determine product type, geographic area, customer type, and customer needs. Colgate-Palmolive would likely choose to market Colgate Total toothpaste in 4.2, 6, and 7.8 ounce squeezable tubes. Considering that 84.5 percent of Argentines live in urban areas, Colgate-Palmolive could achieve greater economies of scale and better measure correlation between promotions and sales by distributing Colgate Total through larger, more modern grocery store chains located in densely populated, cosmopolitan Buenos Aires and Southern Santa Fe. As stated earlier, Colgate-Palmoliv e should market Colgate Total toothpaste to younger, married, middle class, Argentine women to fulfill their needs for value (longevity of product benefits requires fewer brushings per day than regular toothpastes to achieve similar benefits), convenience (multi-faceted nature of product features acts as a substitute for purchase of regular toothpaste and antibacterial mouthwash), and peace of mind (special formula performs much better against most major adult preventative concerns than competing products). At first glance, demand for toothpaste in Argentina appears to be selective, but substantial primary demand has yet to be cultivated due to lack of personal income and/or consumer education. Worldwide annual per-capita consumption of toothpaste averaged 363 grams or 12.8 ounces while consumers in India used only 67 grams of toothpaste annually. The average annual per-capita consumption of toothpaste in Argentina is probably somewhat lower than the worldwide average due to a lower average personal income and a lack of consumer education. However, with the help of Colgate-sponsored mobile clinics that would bring dental hygiene programs, dental care professionals, and product samples to uneducated consumers throughout the major urban areas in Argentina, primary demand for toothpaste could grow along with selective demand for Colgate Total. Cultural constraints often inhibit the fulfillment of international marketing objectives. Due to the cultural similarities between Latin America countries, it is entirely plausible that government officials and local businessmen in Argentina customarily accept bribes from domestic and foreign-owned corporations. Despite the fact that local citizens regard these practices as an observed cultural tradition, American businessmen should not conduct business deals according to the adage When in Rome, do as the Romans do, especially if they involve bribery. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act deems that any bribes paid to foreign o fficials, candidates, or political parties as being illegal, and those company officials, directors, employees, or agents found guilty of paying a bribe or authorizing payment of a bribe are subject to stiff penalties. Since Colgate-Palmolive already operates in more than 200 countries throughout Asia, Latin America, Central Europe, and Africa, Company officials, directors, employees, and agents are probably very familiar with questionable business practices-when judged according to U.S. ethical standards and law codes. However, although measures must be taken to grease the wheels, perhaps it would be safer and just as effective for Colgate-Palmolive officials, directors, employees, and agents to have a sales expense account at their disposal so they could use company funds to take influential people deep-sea fishing or sky-diving rather than pay an outright bribe (Cateora 181). Rudyard Kipling EssayTo further integrate consumer-directed education about the prevention of periodontal disease and the benefits of Colgate Total, Colgate Palmolive should promote its new product through select print and television media. Colgate-Palmolive should place full color spreads in housekeeping and businesswoman magazines targeted at housewives and working mothers. The Colgate Total toothpaste logo and tube should be pictured, but the advertisements should focus on conveying to mothers the perceived harm(s), such as gingivitis and cavities, that could negatively influence the health of their children and husbands. A cents-off promotional coupon redeemable at the local, major cosmopolitan grocery store chain should be included on the lower right hand corner of each spread. Complimentary half page newspaper advertisements posted in the business and fashion sections of major newspapers, such as La Naci?n and Clar?n, should share similar advertising copy and cents-off simila r to magazine advertisements. Colgate-Palmolive should wrap-up its promotional campaign with television commercials and sponsorship of product-based game shows and soap operas. Colgate-Palmolive could include humorous commercial based on the cultural mainstays of Argentine culture, such as skits played-out on gaucho or tango settings. Consumer-based television commercials would target parents of middle-aged family households. Advertising copy would focus on family-wide product benefits, such as value, convenience, peace-of-mind, but would focus on perceived risk for adults surrounding bad breath. In the Latin American culture, people maintain very little distance between each other when speaking, which could make for some embarrassing situations for those people with bad breath. Finally, housewives who stay at home and care for the house and children habitually watch product-based game shows and telenovelas, or soap operas. To reach housewives, Colgate-Palmolive should advertise its Colgate Total toothpaste on these day and evening shows. Control and EvaluationColgate-Palmolive could implement several control measures to measure the effectiveness of current marketing strategies. For example, the Company could conduct coupon tracking analysis of promotional coupons disbursed through local newspapers and magazines. In this context, tracking of specially numbered coupons could tell management in which areas promotional effectiveness and/or consumer consumption are/is highest. Feedback gathered from coupon redemption analysis would effect future modifications in the distribution and promotion strategies present in the marketing plan. By choosing to initially conduct a new product roll-out through more modern grocery stores, Colgate-Palmolive could request and analyze sales records for Colgate Total toothpaste on a store-by-store basis to conduct correlation analyses to determine which promotional strategies yielded the best results based on a regional basis. Again , feedback gathered from these correlation analyses would effect future modifications in distribution and promotion strategies. Colgate-Palmolive should also solicit for valuable feedback from its customers, employees, and distributors. A toll free number should be placed on every package and tube of Colgate Total toothpaste so that customers can ask questions about product usage or give feedback on product performance. Colgate-Palmolive should also solicit for feedback from domestic employees and distributors. No one knows the Argentine marketplace better than the local players, and their feedback plays an integral role improving efficiency and profitability in international markets. Invaluable feedback gathered from customers, employees, and distributors would give management the feedback they need to modify product design, marketing mix strategies, distribution processes respectively. Bibliography1. An Innovative Sheen In Oral Care. (toothpaste marketing of Colgate-Palmolive Co.)(Brief Article)(Interview). Drug Store News, Nov 15, 1999 v21 i18 p14 2. Argentina. Country Commercial Guide, FY 2000. 3. Border crossings: brands unify image to counter cult of culture. (companies strive to develop global brand products). Brandweek, Oct 31, 1994 v35 n42 p24(5) . 4. Colgate-Palmolive posts higher results. United Press International, Oct 21, 1999, p1008294u1548. 5. Colgate profit rose 18% in second period, led by Latin America. Wall Street Journal; New York; Jul 25, 19976. Dusseau Charles. A new opportunity. (Mercosur: Achievement and Perspectives). Latin Finance, September, 1993 n50 pTF57(6). 7. Harvilitcz, H., Colgate, Church ; Dwight report good quarters . Chemical Market Reporter; New York; Aug 3, 19988. Kahale Roxana M. Argentina. (trade regulations)(includes directory) (The Latin America Trade Finance Directory, 1993-94). Latin Finance, Jan-Feb 1994 n54 p94(1). 9. Kindel, S., Selling by the book. (Colgate-Palmolives global product-rollout strategydetailed in its bundle books) (includes related articles). Sales Marketing Management, Oct 1994 v146 n11 p100(7). 10. Miler, C., Not quite global: marketers ?discover? the world but still have much to learn. Marketing New, July 3, 1995 v29 n14 p1(4). 11. Randy Mye R., Palagonia, L., MERCOSURs potential market is now over 200 million people with a combined economy of nearly $1 trillion. Business America, August 1996 v117 n8 p17(2). 12. Parker-Pope, T.,Whistle-Blower: PG Calls the Cops As It Strives to Expand Sales in Latin America Noted Marketer Tries to Sell Antitrust Notions in Bid To Catch Its Giant 13. Rivals Sending In Legal Precedents. Wall Street Journal; New York; Mar20, 1998. 13. Wirth Fellman, M., C-P sinks teeth into global opportunities. (Colgate-Palmolive Co.s receipt of the 1997 New Product Marketer of the Year award). Marketing News, March 30, 1998 v32, n7 pE2(2).

The Barbie Phenomenon Essay Example For Students

The Barbie Phenomenon Essay The Barbie phenomenon took the world by storm. The creation of the eleven and onehalf-inch tall glam gal didnt begin at a large corporations drawing board, as some might think. She actually came straight from the hands of her loving parents, Ruth and Elliot Handler. The Mattel Corporation, founded by Ruth and Elliot Handler, has successfully marketed the Barbie doll for over four decades and still continues to sell the doll throughout the world. It is amazing the impact this childs toy has had in both the corporate boardroom and the toy room, and not only on children but also adults. Barbie has brought billons in sales to the bottom line of Mattel, and to adults around the world who have made substantial investments in Barbie collections. Interestingly enough, had it not been for the persistence of one woman, Barbie might never have been born. Ruth Handler was born the youngest of ten children and began her career working as a stenographer at Paramount Pictures. Her husband, Elliot w as born into a family with four brothers and worked as a light fixture designer before returning to school to get his art degree (Lord 20). In 1937 the couple decided to take their first big gamble in life. They both quit their jobs and moved from their home in Denver, Colorado, to start their own business in Southern California (Lord 18). They opened their own home-based business building plexi-glass furniture in their garage (West Interview). Soon after World War II began, the Handlers expanded their business into what used to be a laundromat, and hired workers to help in their new factory making jewelry, candle holders, and other plastic items (Lord 20). Then around 1945, Mr. and Mrs. Handler decided to expand their business once more. The couple began their own company, Mattel Creations with long-time family friend, Harold Mattson as their partner. Mr. Mattsons last name was mixed with Elliots to form the company name Mattel (Lord 20). With the end of the war came an increase in the use of plastic, and Mattel Creations first product, a plastic ukulele called the Ukedoodle hit the toy store shelves. The production of this new toy really helped set Mattels business in motion. After the ukulele, came a jack-in-the-box, which also brought much revenue to the company. Mattel was so successful that by 1950, the company had compiled a net-worth of nearly a half million dollars (Lord 20). We will write a custom essay on The Barbie Phenomenon specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While Mattel Creations was busy celebrating the success of their famous ukulele and jack-in-the-box, a designer in Germany was diligently creating his own masterpiece; one that would greatly influence the design of the Barbie doll. A man named Reinhard Beuthien created a cartoon character named Lilli who appeared in the comic section of a German newspaper called Bild Zeitung. Soon after, this one-dimensional character called Lilli was transformed into a three-dimensional doll (Bad Girl 1). The doll that Mr. Beuthien produced was eleven and one-half-inches tall, flesh colored and beautifully painted (Lord 25). Her main personality traits included golddigger, exhibitionist, and floozy (Lord 25). However, Lilli was basically a sexy, adult male pornographic toy (Bad Girl 1) not a childs role model or toy (Bad Girl 2). Back in the United States, Ruth started having ideas, while watching her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, of designing a doll with a womans body. Her daughter wasnt just playing with the dolls; she was intently interacting with them (Lord 29-30). Ruth could see her daughter playing make believe in the land of adult life and thought an actual doll would be quite a phenomena (Lord 30). .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .postImageUrl , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:hover , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:visited , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:active { border:0!important; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:active , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ---- Closest To The Sun EssaySome time later, while shopping on vacation in Switzerland, Mrs. Handler first saw the Lilli doll. She decided to buy three of the dolls, one for herself and two for her daughter (Bad Girl 2). Ruth really wasnt familiar with Lilli or what she represented, but in her, she saw the figure that she had been trying to capture for years, but was told couldnt be done (Lord 29). The doll was so important to her that when the men at the company told Mrs. Handler that the doll was too feminine to be made in the United States, she decided to begin construction somewhere else in the world. It was a year later, in 1957, when an electronic engineer finally t ook the Lilli doll to be redesigned in Japan (Lord 30). These important events helped to finally establish Ruth Handlers place in the doll world (Tosa 29). Named after Ruths own daughter, the dolls name was Barbara Joyce, or Barbie for short, and her much anticipated debut finally came in March of 1959 at New York Citys American Toy Fair (Tosa 30). Barbies success relied heavily on how well her image matched market expectations and fashion trends for kids and adults (Hein 4). In the eye of the parents, she was a great toy (Hein 4). Barbie sent out positive images and sound virtue. She wore a seatbelt, became an astronaut, and ran for President (Hein 6), giving young girls dreams to strive for. Barbie also proved to be a very versatile doll as well. She was everything from a doctor to a firefighter, a paleontologist, and an athlete (Hein 9-10). Not only was Barbie smart, levelheaded, and sophisticated, but for the kids, she was just plain fun. She had a wide array of clothes and accessories, which allowed childrens imaginations to run wild all over the world (Hein 5). For the older generation, she was called a teen-age fashion model, and a new kind of doll from real life (Tosa 30). Through the decades as trends changed, so did Barbie. When the fashion magazines started showing girls with tattoos and bellybutton rings, Barbie sta rted showing them too (Hein 10). Equality for all wasnt just a real life thing; it was also seen in the Mattel world. Barbie produced its first African American doll in 1968 (Hein 7). Shortly thereafter, Mattel released a Spanish-speaking doll, then recently there was a release of a handicapped Barbie (Hein 7). All of these different Barbie dolls were made so that children, while playing with dolls, could begin to have real life experiences (Hein 6). This fantasyland/adult life idea, was one of the best ideas that Mattel had ever had, and the biggest selling point ever. The Barbie doll sold so well its first year in production, that it took three full years to fill the orders (Long 17). Barbies popularity didnt soon die out either. By 1965 Mattel had sold more than one hundred million dollars worth of Barbie merchandise. By 1968, Mattel had Barbie factories in Germany, England, and Mexico, and distributors in Italy and Belgium (Lord 59). In 1964, amidst of all the fame and fortune o f the new doll, times got tough and the company almost went broke as corporate marketing turned away from Barbie on other types of toys. Management began focusing more attention on electronic games than Barbie dolls, but the games did not sell well and the company lost a great deal of money (Lord 15). By 1981, however, Mattel was back on track with thirteen new Barbie dolls on the market. Today Barbie is more popular than ever with collectors and young girls alike. The average American girl under the age of eleven owns ten Barbie dolls (Barbie Overview1), and Mattel introduces more than one hundred new Barbie dolls each year!Barbie is of course, still changing with the times and with the latest technology. She has new electronic games where players can choose to discuss careers, shopping, dating, or parties with her, and her own web site. She has also been the proud recipient of a brain (New Barbie 1). Talk with Me Barbie was just recently unveiled who can actually hold a conversati on with a real human being. Barbie can now even wish a girl happy birthday, but she just cant seem to blow out the candles (New Barbie 1) yet. What does this mere eleven and one-half-inch beauty mean to Mattel? The company realized over $1.5 billion in sales in 1999 in more than 150 countries worldwide (Barbie Overview1). And considering all of the books and videos marketed to attract the adult collectors that have grown up with Barbie over the last four decades, it doesnt look like her popularity is going to fade anytime soon. .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad , .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .postImageUrl , .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad , .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:hover , .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:visited , .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:active { border:0!important; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:active , .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dust Bowl EssayBibliography: