A Brief Look at William Byrd - 761 Words

While researching the style period the Renaissance, I came about the composer William Byrd. He played a large role in the paper I instructed and thus caught my attention. I chose William Bryd as the subject for this paper merely because according to â€Å"The Top 8 Renaissance Composer† Article by Aaron Green, he was considered by many to be a â€Å"genius† on the keyboard and perhaps the greatest English composer of all time. Other aspect about William Bryd I found interesting was his interact with Queen Elizabeth I and Thomas Tallis, and this major works like â€Å"Latin motets or Cantiones Sacrae† along with many more. William Byrd’s early life is unknown; He is believed to have been born in London sometime between 1539 and 1545. The exact date is unclear. He was one of seven children. He had four sisters, Alice, Barbara, Mary, and Martha and two brothers, Simon and John. His parents were Thomas and Margery Byrd. There is no written record of William Byrd’s education, however he was a well-educated man, able to read and write very well in this time. William married in 1568 to a Juliana. They then had seven children and a lifelong happy marriage. He eventually after a strong career as a composer or chorister died on July 4th 1623 in a small village of Essex and was buried in an unmarked grave. William was a top composer in the Renaissance era and composed a large number of astounding musical pieces. Many believe that William Byrd outdid any other composers of his era and called him â€Å"aShow MoreRelatedEssay about King Lear and Madness in the Renaissance1547 Words   |  7 Pagesn ature and it is likely that his madness is caused by an excess of that humour. Goneril describes his choler and foreshadows his madness in an early attempt to discredit him: The best and soundest of his time hath been but rash; then must we look from his age to recieve, not alone the imperfections of long-engraffed condition, but therewithal the unruly waywardness that infirm and choleric years bring with them. (1.2.294-298) In Bartholomeus model madness caused by an excess of cholerRead MoreShould Black Men Around the World Be Placed on the Endangered Species List1938 Words   |  8 PagesOliver were released on bail and Detective Cooper on his own recognizance. On April 25, 2008, all three of the police officers indicted were acquitted on all counts (Baker, P17). On June 7, 1998, James Byrd Jr, accepted a ride from Shawn Allen Berry, Lawrence Russell Brewer, and John William, who would have guessed this would have been the last ride of his live. Instead of taking James home, the three men took James behind a convenience store, beating him unconscious, stripped him naked, chainedRead MoreEssay on The Origin of The Beatles3014 Words   |  13 Pagesmusicians had been brought in, the 15-year-old guitarist George Harrison (b. 25 February 1943, Liverpool, England) and an art school friend of Lennons, Stuart Sutcliffe (b. 23 June 1940, Edinburgh, Scotland, d. 10 April 1962, Hamburg, Germany). After a brief spell as Johnny And The Moondogs, the band rechristened themselves the Silver Beetles, and, in April 1960, played before impresario Larry Parnes, winning the dubious distinction of a support slot on an arduous tour of Scotland with autumnal idol JohnnyRead MoreLaci Peterson5018 Words   |  21 PagesUniversity of Washington; testified fo r the defense during the penalty phase of Scott Petersons trial on December 6, 2004, telling the court that he once did gardening work for a neighbor with multiple sclerosis; stated that Scott Peterson was someone to look up to; recalled that, when she was playing soccer, Scott and Laci Peterson would attend the games; noted that Scott Peterson tried hard to become a friend to her when she was living with Lee and Jackie Peterson during the time she was in high school;Read MoreFundamental Financial Accounting Concepts13807 Words   |  56 Pagescompany New South Corporation Retail gift shop A Look Back Merchandising companies earn profits by selling inventory at prices that are higher than the cost paid for the goods. Merchandising companies include retail companies (companies that sell goods to the final consumer) and wholesale companies (companies that sell to other merchandising companies). The products sold by merchandising companies ll d h h i i i d d i f A Look Back/A Look Forward Students need a roadmap to make sense of where  theRead MoreThe Sound and Music Industry15531 Words   |  63 PagesTutor: Adam Morris Assessor: Date Set: 10/09/07 Completion Date: 18/11/07 Learning Hours: 60 Unit no Unit Title(s): This project assesses the following module Outcome(s)/Assessment Criteria: 39 The Sound and Music Industry 1 Assignment BRIEF: This assignment will introduce different areas of the music industry and should on completion, provide an overview of the ‘bigger picture of the industry as a whole. This essay is split into (a) areas (b) careers and (c) royalties but there

Ludwig Van Beethoven ( 1770-1827 ) - 858 Words

Introduction Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) was a German composer, pianist and a key figure in the evolution of Classical music to Romanticism. While he is known as a key figure in the musical world, he faced the challenge of losing his hearing within the last 10 years of his life. History Born in the city of Bonn, Germany to Maria Magdalena and Johann van Beethoven. Naturally gifted in the field of music since a young age, he was first taught by his alcoholic father, who was rumored to have, â€Å"flogged, locked in the cellar and deprived of sleep for extra hours of practice,† (bio.com) and, â€Å"made to stand at the keyboard, was often in tears,† (worldofbeethoven.com)before being taught by several other famous teachers: Court organist Gilles van den Eeden, Tobias Friedrich Pfeiffer, who taught Beethoven the piano, and Franz Rovantini, a relative, who instructed him in playing the violin and viola. After 1779, Beethoven started his studies under Christian Gottlob Neefe, a renowned opera composer and conductor. Ludwig was also known to have been a close friend of prolific Austrian composer Joseph Haydn and intended to study with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Music Beethoven’s music, which was broken up into three periods, also reflected his hearing loss. His Early Period music, which contained higher notes, had a number of was known for a number of famous pieces, including Symphony No. 1 and 2, Opus 18 and several piano sonatas, including Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor, Op. 13, orShow MoreRelatedLudwig Van Beethoven ( 1770-1827 )1428 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) was a German composer, a representative of the Viennese classical musical school; was born in Bonn, but spent most of his life in Vienna. Notably, Beethoven s music is a complex synthesis of creative achievements of the Viennese classics (Gluck, Haydn, Mozart); art of the French Revolution; and the new emerging artistic direction, Romanticism. The works of Beethoven bear the imprint of ideology, aesthetics, and art of the Enlightenment. This explains the logic,Read MoreEssay on Ludwig Van Beethoven1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthe people on it as a whole, you see that there are very few influential people whose actions or opinions strongly influence the course of events. Ludwig Van Beethoven, a German musician, is one of those very few. He was an extraordinary musician that lived through hardship and had the horrific fate of deafness, any musician’s worst nightmare. Beethoven left a wall standing in history that captured the art of sounds and worked it beyond imagination into music so fragile and pure yet onerous, unableRead MoreBeethovens Life Outline1208 Words   |  5 Pages1. Intro: Composer Ludwig van Beethoven was an innovator, widening the scope of sonata, symphony, concerto, and quartet, and combining vocals and instruments in a new way. His personal life was marked by a struggle against deafness, and some of his most important works were composed during the last 10 years of his life, when he was quite unable to hear. He is an crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, a pianist, a composer who remains one ofRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1701 Words   |  7 Pages Ludwig van Beethoven Music has been around a long time and is a big part of America’s history. There are many styles of music such as, Rap, RB, Jazz, Classical, Oldies and so on. There has been many great composers throughout the years, these people are legends that will stand for ever such as, Beethoven, George Frideric Handel, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The one artist that I’m going to write about in this paper is the one and only Ludwig van Beethoven. Beethoven was a deaf GermanRead MoreThe History And Transitions Of Music933 Words   |  4 Pageshad many talented persons that have influenced music but none are so well known as Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. All three of these great composers performed during the Classic period and it would act as the base of classic music for the next one hundred and fifty, to two hundred years. The names of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven are so well known that people who have little to no knowledge of music will recognize their names. The urban communities of AustriaRead MoreBeethoven Biography1409 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827 [pic] [pic] Ludwig van Beethoven is perhaps the most famous and influential of all the pianist composers of his time. He was considered instrumental in the transition of between the classical and romantic eras in Western Art Music. Beethoven was born on December 16th, 1770 in Bonn (now called Cologne, Germany) to parents of Belgian descent. His father, Johann, was a musician at the court of Bonn, and his mother,Read MoreLudwig Van Beethoven : An Impact On Music733 Words   |  3 PagesLudwig Van Beethoven No other composer or musical artist has made as big of an impact on music as Ludwig Van Beethoven. He influenced many other composers, and made some of the most beautiful pieces that are still played today. It is truly amazing that he was able to master his craft and become questionably the greatest composer that has ever lived, despite having a condition that would seem to make composing music impossible. Beethoven, being born so long ago, does not have an exact recordedRead MoreA Short Research Paper On Ludwig Van Beethoven1269 Words   |  6 PagesA Short Research Paper on LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN MUS 1030 Walters State Community College Robbie Poteete, Instructor NIC NIX APRIL 22, 2016 Although there have been many famous composers over the years, probably none are as well-known as Ludwig van Beethoven. Regardless of one’s particular preference of musical style, almost everyone can quickly recognize Fur Elise, Moonlight Sonata, Ode to Joy, or Symphony 5. Beethoven â€Å"was born during the age of the Enlightenment, came to maturity duringRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven : The First Four Notes1432 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven Do you think you could identify a composer’s work is the first four notes of their piece? A note sequence of short, short, short, long describes one of the most iconic classical symphonies of all time. For most people in the world this German composer has made that possible with the amount of success he achieved in his career. This composer has influenced generations of music makers and listeners from the 1800’s to today. Undoubtingly one of the most influential, well-knownRead MoreLudwig van Beethoven Essay952 Words   |  4 Pagesmusic period. Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the composers, along with other greats of the time like Haydn and Mozart, which helped to create a new type of music. This new music had full rich sounds created by the new construction of the symphony orchestra. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in the town of Bonn, Germany on December 16 of 1770. Bonn is located in western Germany on the Rhine River. Beethoven showed an affinity for music at an early age. His father, Johann, taught Ludwig to play the

Colgate In Argentina Essay Example For Students

Colgate In Argentina Essay IntroductionColgate was founded in the United States in 1806 and for the first 100 years, its business focus was only there. However, in the very early 1900s, the Company began a very aggressive expansion program that led to the establishment of Colgate operations throughout the world. Today, Colgate-Palmolive is a $9 billion company, marketing its products in over 200 countries and territories under such internationally recognized brand names as Colgate, Palmolive, Ajax, Fab, and Mennen as well as Hills Science Diet and Hills Prescription Diet. Colgate Total is considered the greatest evolution in toothpaste since the introduction of fluoride. This highly effective formula, containing fluoride and the antimicrobial ingredient, Triclosan, has been demonstrated clinically to help prevent gingivitis, plaque, cavities and tartar. And, its unique patented formula, containing the co-polymer, Gantrez, continues to be active between brushings. It continues to work fighting plaque, gingiviti s, tartar and cavities after you stop brushing, even if you eat or drink. No other toothpaste manufactured in the US contains Triclosan or has been cleared to make claims for gingivitis and plaque reduction. Since the announcement of the FDA clearance of Colgate Total on July 14, 1997, retailers have expressed unprecedented enthusiasm and interest. Dr. Sigmund S. Socransky, Associate Professor of Oral Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and Senior Member of the Staff and Head, Departments of Microbiology and Periodontology, Forsyth Dental Center, said, Colgate Total represents one of the most remarkable oral therapeutic achievements in the last 20 years. Colgate Total will benefit the oral health of all users. The most common non-contagious diseases are periodontal diseases such as gingivitis. In fact, 63% of Americans suffer from gingivitis. As the only toothpaste with this formula, Colgate Total will help Americans take greater care of their teeth and gums than ever before and will help younger people prevent these dental problems. Since Colgate Total was introduced internationally in 1992, over half a billion tubes have been purchased by millions of consumers in 103 countries. However, before permitting it to be marketed in the US, the FDA conducted an extensive review of data in Colgates clinical tests. These included five major studies that supported the safety and efficacy of the toothpaste. Independent dental associations in 30 countries, including the American, Canadian and British Dental Associations, have awarded seals of acceptance to Colgate Total. Colgate Total will begin shipping to food, drug and mass merchandisers nationwide on December 15, 1997, and will have a suggested retail price of $2.49, $2.99 and $3.49 for 4.2, 6.0 and 7.8 ounce tubes, respectively. Colgate-Palmolive is a leading global consumer products company tightly focused on Oral Care, Personal Care, Household Care, Fabric Care and Pet Nutrition. In the U.S., Colgate sells its quality products under such nationally recognized brand names as Colgate, Palmolive, Mennen, Ajax, Irish Spring, Softsoap, Murphy Oil Soap, Ultra Brite, Baby Magic and Fab, as well as Hills Science Diet and Hills Prescription Diet pet foods. Executive summarySuccessful international marketers possess the ability to identify with and adapt to different cultural environments. International marketing requires that one actively anticipate the effects both foreign and domestic uncontrollable environments exert over the marketing mix, and then adequately adjust the marketing mix to minimize potential negative effects. Often times an international marketers self-reference criterion impede his or her ability to accurately assess and properly respond to foreign operating environments. Rather than rely on their own self reliance criteria, international marketers must conduct far-reaching, comprehensive cultural and economic analyses of potential foreign markets in order to develop more e ffective and responsive marketing mixes that improve the success potential of their market-development strategies. Argentina certainly represents a viable market-development opportunity for Colgate Total toothpaste. U.S. companies intending to export to Argentina should consider economic, demographic, as well as cultural characteristics that differentiate it from other Latin American countries. Having the highest per capita gross domestic product and the second highest total gross domestic product and life expectancy in Latin America, as well as low rates of population increase and illiteracy rates, Argentina attracts many business opportunities. The population and economic activity are highly concentrated in the Greater Buenos Aires area. The population is largely of European descent and continues to have strong ethnic, cultural, as well as business ties with Europe. Consumer preferences tend to resemble more those of Europeans than those of other Latin America nationals. However, revenues are highly dependent on MERCOSUR trade, especially with Brazil, and the regional economic situation. In many sectors, European competitors of U.S. firms are already present in the market, and may be well entrenched. Nevertheless, the U.S. is Argentinas single largest trade and investment partner and many U.S. firms have been very successful. U.S. lifestyle and consumption habits are increasingly influential. U.S. products have a strong reputation for quality and technological innovation, but U.S. firms are sometimes seen as lacking commitment to the market. It is important to be prepared for a competitive market environment. As in many cou ntries, personal relationships are fundamental to doing business in Argentina. Success requires taking the time to develop a close personal relationship with your representative, agent or distributor. Marketing U.S. products and services in Argentina requires the same level of research, preparation and involvementif not moreas domestic marketing. U.S. firms handicap themselves if their product literature, labels, manuals and other written materials are not in Spanish. When preparing Spanish-language materials, care should be taken to ensure the meaning is consistent for all Spanish-speaking markets in which they will be used. Argentine Spanish differs for example, from Mexican or Chilean Spanish, with unintended and sometimes embarrassing meanings resulting when a translator is not familiar with variations in the language from market to market. After analyzing the product and its uses and establishing who the potential customers are, U.S. companies intending to export to Argentina should identify the geographical areas where the major users of the product are. It should be born in mind that 80 percent of the Argentine population is concentrated in urban areas, with over 35% living in Buenos Aires and its suburbs, and almost 10% in three cities Cordoba, Rosario and Mendoza and their suburbs. Argentina experienced a boom in economic growth in the early 1990s as a result of its structural reform (privatizations, trade liberalization, etc) and monetary stability. Real GDP growth averaged over 6% for the 1991-97 period. Since October 1997, a series of international financial shocks coupled with a fall in international commodity prices have translated into lower growth rates. After growth of 8.4% in 1997, GDP percent in 1998 grew 4.3. In the second semester of 1998 Argentina entered into a recession. Most experts predict negative growth of between -2.5 and -3.5 for 1999, with a possible return to positive growth in the second half of the year 2000. Despite the current recession, Argentina with a track record of macroeconomic stability, a growing and sophisticated consumer market, free capital flows, lucrative access to Mercosur and nondiscriminatory foreign investment regime remains an attractive emerging market for U.S. trade and investment. Many U.S. and other foreign firms continue having strong interest in taking advantage of opportunities in Argentina arising from Mercosur. Major U.S. investors, including car manufacturers and food processors access Mercosur markets through operations in Argentina. Mercosur has become a key element of the business strategy of many foreign manufacturing and services firms in Argentina. To avoid reliance on self-reference criterion during the marketing plan development process, the international marketer carefully researched Argentinas unique cultural elements (i.e.: geographic setting, social institutions, religion and aesthetics, living conditions and language) and economic elements (i.e.: population, economic statistics and activity, and developments in science and technology). The information gathered through these analyses helped the international marketer to identify key strategic issues and to formulate actionable strategies for the introduction of Colgate Total toothpaste in Argentina. Furthermore, the unique cultural and economic elements exhibited by Argentina guided the international marketer in making decisions throughout the international marketing planning process, which consists of the following four phases: preliminary analysis and screeningadapting the marketing mixdeveloping the marketing mixcontrol and evaluation. Preliminary Analysis and Screenin gIn the process of conducting a situation analysis, the marketer must identify the strengths and weaknesses of Colgate-Palmolive and Colgate Total toothpaste along with the opportunities and threats present in Argentina. Smoking out key strategic issues naturally flows from drawing connections between the strengths and opportunities, strengths and threats, weaknesses and opportunities, and weaknesses and threats of Colgate-Palmolive and Argentina respectively. The most relevant strategic issues related to the introduction of Colgate Total toothpaste in Argentina are listed under the following subheadings: Deep Capital Reservoirs Capable of Fueling Market DevelopmentColgate-Palmolive achieved a recorded-setting cash flow of $917 million for 1996, up 13 percent from 1995. Furthermore, on March 6, 1997, the Board of Directors declared a 17 percent dividend increase and a two-for-one stock split starting April 25, 1997. Undoubtedly, overcoming major barriers to market entry, such as the high costs of educating the public about prevention of periodontal disease, strengthening product distribution intensity, and gaining strategic shelf positioning, would require Colgate-Palmolive to shell out huge amounts of capital. In addition to already having a record supply of internal capital at its disposal, Colgate-Palmolive, could capitalize on stockholder confidence to raise the marginal capital it needs to aggressively introduce Colgate Total toothpaste in Argentina. Experience Curve to Facilitate New Product IntroductionWhen applied to Colgate-Palmolive, the experience curve concept states that product costs, corrected for inflation, decline with accumulated output. Learning effects, technological improvements, and economies of scale are the three sources for cost declines vis-?-vis increases in volume. With its extensive expertise in research and development (introduced 602 new products world-wide in 1996), manufacturing, distribution (Colgate Distribution 2000), sales, and marketing its products on a global scale, Colgate-Palmolive would benefit from these gains in worker skill and output with Colgate Total toothpaste in Argentina. Furthermore, Colgate-Palmolive would likely call on several of its factories located in South America to manufacture Colgate Total for Argentina before purchasing domestic production facilities. Foreign-based factories could realize short-term economies of scale until Colgate-Palmolive decides it would like to make a long-term commitment with respect to production in Argentina. Product R;D Capable of Meeting Evolving Consumer NeedsStrong global growth in unit volume for Colgate-Palmolive resulted from the introduction of 602 new products by its research and development team. Similar to other developing nations, as personal income grows in Argentina, consumer needs will tend to evolve towards that of a higher order-based on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Newly initiated members of the middle class in Argentina will become more concerned with their health and capable of paying for related products. Since Colgate-Palmolive already markets many oral and personal care products, it could benefit from capitalizing on this growing market in Argentina. Colgate Total toothpaste could serve as the lead product that would leverage future line extensions in the form of oral care products. Gantrez Gives Colgate Total a Sustainable Competitive AdvantageA product must fulfill the following criteria in order to possess a strategic competitive advantage: (1) better than competing products with respect to a feature/advantage/benefit that customers and competitors perceive as meaningful, (2) better by a significant amount and not imitable, and (3) advantage must be perceived by customers and competitors. First, Gantrez, a co-polymer additive and key ingredient in Colgate Total toothpaste, prolongs the retention of fluoride, Tricloscan and other active ingredients that help prevent plaque, gingivitis, cavities, tartar, and bad breath on oral and soft tissues. Gantrez prolongs product benefits for up to twelve hours after brushing, even after product users eat or drink something, giving their teeth unparalleled protection against periodontal disease. Second, performance of and benefits derived from comparably-priced products do not even compare to that of Colgate Total toothpaste, and due to the patent on Gantrez, competitors may not easily copy this product. Third, both consumers and competitors perceive Colgate Total as one of the greatest achievements in oral care over the last 20 years. Essentially, Gantrez provides Colgate Total with a sustainable competitive advantage over competing products in Argentina, which affords Colgate the opportunity to implement a niche-based differentiation marketing strategy. After performing the situation analysis, the marketer must then position Colgate Total Toothpaste to appeal to the needs of a customer segment whose members are identifiable and accessible an d also demonstrate adequate potential and responsiveness. When positioning a product, the marketer must proceed through each of the following three steps:segmentationtarget market selectionpositioningFollowing the processes and fulfilling the criteria involved with the aforementioned steps required by this process yielded the following positioning statement: To position Colgate Total toothpaste as offering superior prevention of periodontal diseases to members of middle class households between the ages of 6 and 45 with the competitive superiority of prolonged protection of oral and soft tissues based on its patented co-polymer additive, Gantrez. A specialty niche positioning strategy best matches the features, advantages and benefits of Colgate Total toothpaste. Ultimately, Colgate-Palmolive should market Colgate Total toothpaste to younger, married, middle class, Argentine women. Gender roles dictate that women exert considerable influence over family related purchase decisions. E specially with respect to convenience and shopping goods, the wife of the household plays the role(s) of the initiator, information gatherer, influencer, decision-maker, and purchasing agent. Adapting the Marketing MixLaying the groundwork for making marketing mix decisions, the product-market definition serves to keep marketing strategies focused. To fulfill the criteria for the product-market definition, the marketer must determine product type, geographic area, customer type, and customer needs. Colgate-Palmolive would likely choose to market Colgate Total toothpaste in 4.2, 6, and 7.8 ounce squeezable tubes. Considering that 84.5 percent of Argentines live in urban areas, Colgate-Palmolive could achieve greater economies of scale and better measure correlation between promotions and sales by distributing Colgate Total through larger, more modern grocery store chains located in densely populated, cosmopolitan Buenos Aires and Southern Santa Fe. As stated earlier, Colgate-Palmoliv e should market Colgate Total toothpaste to younger, married, middle class, Argentine women to fulfill their needs for value (longevity of product benefits requires fewer brushings per day than regular toothpastes to achieve similar benefits), convenience (multi-faceted nature of product features acts as a substitute for purchase of regular toothpaste and antibacterial mouthwash), and peace of mind (special formula performs much better against most major adult preventative concerns than competing products). At first glance, demand for toothpaste in Argentina appears to be selective, but substantial primary demand has yet to be cultivated due to lack of personal income and/or consumer education. Worldwide annual per-capita consumption of toothpaste averaged 363 grams or 12.8 ounces while consumers in India used only 67 grams of toothpaste annually. The average annual per-capita consumption of toothpaste in Argentina is probably somewhat lower than the worldwide average due to a lower average personal income and a lack of consumer education. However, with the help of Colgate-sponsored mobile clinics that would bring dental hygiene programs, dental care professionals, and product samples to uneducated consumers throughout the major urban areas in Argentina, primary demand for toothpaste could grow along with selective demand for Colgate Total. Cultural constraints often inhibit the fulfillment of international marketing objectives. Due to the cultural similarities between Latin America countries, it is entirely plausible that government officials and local businessmen in Argentina customarily accept bribes from domestic and foreign-owned corporations. Despite the fact that local citizens regard these practices as an observed cultural tradition, American businessmen should not conduct business deals according to the adage When in Rome, do as the Romans do, especially if they involve bribery. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act deems that any bribes paid to foreign o fficials, candidates, or political parties as being illegal, and those company officials, directors, employees, or agents found guilty of paying a bribe or authorizing payment of a bribe are subject to stiff penalties. Since Colgate-Palmolive already operates in more than 200 countries throughout Asia, Latin America, Central Europe, and Africa, Company officials, directors, employees, and agents are probably very familiar with questionable business practices-when judged according to U.S. ethical standards and law codes. However, although measures must be taken to grease the wheels, perhaps it would be safer and just as effective for Colgate-Palmolive officials, directors, employees, and agents to have a sales expense account at their disposal so they could use company funds to take influential people deep-sea fishing or sky-diving rather than pay an outright bribe (Cateora 181). Rudyard Kipling EssayTo further integrate consumer-directed education about the prevention of periodontal disease and the benefits of Colgate Total, Colgate Palmolive should promote its new product through select print and television media. Colgate-Palmolive should place full color spreads in housekeeping and businesswoman magazines targeted at housewives and working mothers. The Colgate Total toothpaste logo and tube should be pictured, but the advertisements should focus on conveying to mothers the perceived harm(s), such as gingivitis and cavities, that could negatively influence the health of their children and husbands. A cents-off promotional coupon redeemable at the local, major cosmopolitan grocery store chain should be included on the lower right hand corner of each spread. Complimentary half page newspaper advertisements posted in the business and fashion sections of major newspapers, such as La Naci?n and Clar?n, should share similar advertising copy and cents-off simila r to magazine advertisements. Colgate-Palmolive should wrap-up its promotional campaign with television commercials and sponsorship of product-based game shows and soap operas. Colgate-Palmolive could include humorous commercial based on the cultural mainstays of Argentine culture, such as skits played-out on gaucho or tango settings. Consumer-based television commercials would target parents of middle-aged family households. Advertising copy would focus on family-wide product benefits, such as value, convenience, peace-of-mind, but would focus on perceived risk for adults surrounding bad breath. In the Latin American culture, people maintain very little distance between each other when speaking, which could make for some embarrassing situations for those people with bad breath. Finally, housewives who stay at home and care for the house and children habitually watch product-based game shows and telenovelas, or soap operas. To reach housewives, Colgate-Palmolive should advertise its Colgate Total toothpaste on these day and evening shows. Control and EvaluationColgate-Palmolive could implement several control measures to measure the effectiveness of current marketing strategies. For example, the Company could conduct coupon tracking analysis of promotional coupons disbursed through local newspapers and magazines. In this context, tracking of specially numbered coupons could tell management in which areas promotional effectiveness and/or consumer consumption are/is highest. Feedback gathered from coupon redemption analysis would effect future modifications in the distribution and promotion strategies present in the marketing plan. By choosing to initially conduct a new product roll-out through more modern grocery stores, Colgate-Palmolive could request and analyze sales records for Colgate Total toothpaste on a store-by-store basis to conduct correlation analyses to determine which promotional strategies yielded the best results based on a regional basis. Again , feedback gathered from these correlation analyses would effect future modifications in distribution and promotion strategies. Colgate-Palmolive should also solicit for valuable feedback from its customers, employees, and distributors. A toll free number should be placed on every package and tube of Colgate Total toothpaste so that customers can ask questions about product usage or give feedback on product performance. Colgate-Palmolive should also solicit for feedback from domestic employees and distributors. No one knows the Argentine marketplace better than the local players, and their feedback plays an integral role improving efficiency and profitability in international markets. Invaluable feedback gathered from customers, employees, and distributors would give management the feedback they need to modify product design, marketing mix strategies, distribution processes respectively. Bibliography1. An Innovative Sheen In Oral Care. (toothpaste marketing of Colgate-Palmolive Co.)(Brief Article)(Interview). Drug Store News, Nov 15, 1999 v21 i18 p14 2. Argentina. Country Commercial Guide, FY 2000. 3. Border crossings: brands unify image to counter cult of culture. (companies strive to develop global brand products). Brandweek, Oct 31, 1994 v35 n42 p24(5) . 4. Colgate-Palmolive posts higher results. United Press International, Oct 21, 1999, p1008294u1548. 5. Colgate profit rose 18% in second period, led by Latin America. Wall Street Journal; New York; Jul 25, 19976. Dusseau Charles. A new opportunity. (Mercosur: Achievement and Perspectives). Latin Finance, September, 1993 n50 pTF57(6). 7. Harvilitcz, H., Colgate, Church ; Dwight report good quarters . Chemical Market Reporter; New York; Aug 3, 19988. Kahale Roxana M. Argentina. (trade regulations)(includes directory) (The Latin America Trade Finance Directory, 1993-94). Latin Finance, Jan-Feb 1994 n54 p94(1). 9. Kindel, S., Selling by the book. (Colgate-Palmolives global product-rollout strategydetailed in its bundle books) (includes related articles). Sales Marketing Management, Oct 1994 v146 n11 p100(7). 10. Miler, C., Not quite global: marketers ?discover? the world but still have much to learn. Marketing New, July 3, 1995 v29 n14 p1(4). 11. Randy Mye R., Palagonia, L., MERCOSURs potential market is now over 200 million people with a combined economy of nearly $1 trillion. Business America, August 1996 v117 n8 p17(2). 12. Parker-Pope, T.,Whistle-Blower: PG Calls the Cops As It Strives to Expand Sales in Latin America Noted Marketer Tries to Sell Antitrust Notions in Bid To Catch Its Giant 13. Rivals Sending In Legal Precedents. Wall Street Journal; New York; Mar20, 1998. 13. Wirth Fellman, M., C-P sinks teeth into global opportunities. (Colgate-Palmolive Co.s receipt of the 1997 New Product Marketer of the Year award). Marketing News, March 30, 1998 v32, n7 pE2(2).

The Barbie Phenomenon Essay Example For Students

The Barbie Phenomenon Essay The Barbie phenomenon took the world by storm. The creation of the eleven and onehalf-inch tall glam gal didnt begin at a large corporations drawing board, as some might think. She actually came straight from the hands of her loving parents, Ruth and Elliot Handler. The Mattel Corporation, founded by Ruth and Elliot Handler, has successfully marketed the Barbie doll for over four decades and still continues to sell the doll throughout the world. It is amazing the impact this childs toy has had in both the corporate boardroom and the toy room, and not only on children but also adults. Barbie has brought billons in sales to the bottom line of Mattel, and to adults around the world who have made substantial investments in Barbie collections. Interestingly enough, had it not been for the persistence of one woman, Barbie might never have been born. Ruth Handler was born the youngest of ten children and began her career working as a stenographer at Paramount Pictures. Her husband, Elliot w as born into a family with four brothers and worked as a light fixture designer before returning to school to get his art degree (Lord 20). In 1937 the couple decided to take their first big gamble in life. They both quit their jobs and moved from their home in Denver, Colorado, to start their own business in Southern California (Lord 18). They opened their own home-based business building plexi-glass furniture in their garage (West Interview). Soon after World War II began, the Handlers expanded their business into what used to be a laundromat, and hired workers to help in their new factory making jewelry, candle holders, and other plastic items (Lord 20). Then around 1945, Mr. and Mrs. Handler decided to expand their business once more. The couple began their own company, Mattel Creations with long-time family friend, Harold Mattson as their partner. Mr. Mattsons last name was mixed with Elliots to form the company name Mattel (Lord 20). With the end of the war came an increase in the use of plastic, and Mattel Creations first product, a plastic ukulele called the Ukedoodle hit the toy store shelves. The production of this new toy really helped set Mattels business in motion. After the ukulele, came a jack-in-the-box, which also brought much revenue to the company. Mattel was so successful that by 1950, the company had compiled a net-worth of nearly a half million dollars (Lord 20). We will write a custom essay on The Barbie Phenomenon specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While Mattel Creations was busy celebrating the success of their famous ukulele and jack-in-the-box, a designer in Germany was diligently creating his own masterpiece; one that would greatly influence the design of the Barbie doll. A man named Reinhard Beuthien created a cartoon character named Lilli who appeared in the comic section of a German newspaper called Bild Zeitung. Soon after, this one-dimensional character called Lilli was transformed into a three-dimensional doll (Bad Girl 1). The doll that Mr. Beuthien produced was eleven and one-half-inches tall, flesh colored and beautifully painted (Lord 25). Her main personality traits included golddigger, exhibitionist, and floozy (Lord 25). However, Lilli was basically a sexy, adult male pornographic toy (Bad Girl 1) not a childs role model or toy (Bad Girl 2). Back in the United States, Ruth started having ideas, while watching her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, of designing a doll with a womans body. Her daughter wasnt just playing with the dolls; she was intently interacting with them (Lord 29-30). Ruth could see her daughter playing make believe in the land of adult life and thought an actual doll would be quite a phenomena (Lord 30). .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .postImageUrl , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:hover , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:visited , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:active { border:0!important; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:active , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ---- Closest To The Sun EssaySome time later, while shopping on vacation in Switzerland, Mrs. Handler first saw the Lilli doll. She decided to buy three of the dolls, one for herself and two for her daughter (Bad Girl 2). Ruth really wasnt familiar with Lilli or what she represented, but in her, she saw the figure that she had been trying to capture for years, but was told couldnt be done (Lord 29). The doll was so important to her that when the men at the company told Mrs. Handler that the doll was too feminine to be made in the United States, she decided to begin construction somewhere else in the world. It was a year later, in 1957, when an electronic engineer finally t ook the Lilli doll to be redesigned in Japan (Lord 30). These important events helped to finally establish Ruth Handlers place in the doll world (Tosa 29). Named after Ruths own daughter, the dolls name was Barbara Joyce, or Barbie for short, and her much anticipated debut finally came in March of 1959 at New York Citys American Toy Fair (Tosa 30). Barbies success relied heavily on how well her image matched market expectations and fashion trends for kids and adults (Hein 4). In the eye of the parents, she was a great toy (Hein 4). Barbie sent out positive images and sound virtue. She wore a seatbelt, became an astronaut, and ran for President (Hein 6), giving young girls dreams to strive for. Barbie also proved to be a very versatile doll as well. She was everything from a doctor to a firefighter, a paleontologist, and an athlete (Hein 9-10). Not only was Barbie smart, levelheaded, and sophisticated, but for the kids, she was just plain fun. She had a wide array of clothes and accessories, which allowed childrens imaginations to run wild all over the world (Hein 5). For the older generation, she was called a teen-age fashion model, and a new kind of doll from real life (Tosa 30). Through the decades as trends changed, so did Barbie. When the fashion magazines started showing girls with tattoos and bellybutton rings, Barbie sta rted showing them too (Hein 10). Equality for all wasnt just a real life thing; it was also seen in the Mattel world. Barbie produced its first African American doll in 1968 (Hein 7). Shortly thereafter, Mattel released a Spanish-speaking doll, then recently there was a release of a handicapped Barbie (Hein 7). All of these different Barbie dolls were made so that children, while playing with dolls, could begin to have real life experiences (Hein 6). This fantasyland/adult life idea, was one of the best ideas that Mattel had ever had, and the biggest selling point ever. The Barbie doll sold so well its first year in production, that it took three full years to fill the orders (Long 17). Barbies popularity didnt soon die out either. By 1965 Mattel had sold more than one hundred million dollars worth of Barbie merchandise. By 1968, Mattel had Barbie factories in Germany, England, and Mexico, and distributors in Italy and Belgium (Lord 59). In 1964, amidst of all the fame and fortune o f the new doll, times got tough and the company almost went broke as corporate marketing turned away from Barbie on other types of toys. Management began focusing more attention on electronic games than Barbie dolls, but the games did not sell well and the company lost a great deal of money (Lord 15). By 1981, however, Mattel was back on track with thirteen new Barbie dolls on the market. Today Barbie is more popular than ever with collectors and young girls alike. The average American girl under the age of eleven owns ten Barbie dolls (Barbie Overview1), and Mattel introduces more than one hundred new Barbie dolls each year!Barbie is of course, still changing with the times and with the latest technology. She has new electronic games where players can choose to discuss careers, shopping, dating, or parties with her, and her own web site. She has also been the proud recipient of a brain (New Barbie 1). Talk with Me Barbie was just recently unveiled who can actually hold a conversati on with a real human being. Barbie can now even wish a girl happy birthday, but she just cant seem to blow out the candles (New Barbie 1) yet. What does this mere eleven and one-half-inch beauty mean to Mattel? The company realized over $1.5 billion in sales in 1999 in more than 150 countries worldwide (Barbie Overview1). And considering all of the books and videos marketed to attract the adult collectors that have grown up with Barbie over the last four decades, it doesnt look like her popularity is going to fade anytime soon. .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad , .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .postImageUrl , .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad , .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:hover , .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:visited , .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:active { border:0!important; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:active , .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u406ab46ae3c51ecc9d587b935eaf2dad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dust Bowl EssayBibliography:

Alfred Wegeners Hypothesis About Pangaea

Alfred Wegener's Hypothesis About Pangaea In 1912 a German meteorologist named Alfred Wegener (1880-1931) hypothesized a single proto-supercontinent that divided up into the continents we now know because of continental drift and plate tectonics. This hypothesis is called Pangaea because the Greek word pan means all and Gaea or Gaia (or Ge) was the Greek name of the divine personification of the Earth. Discover the science behind how Pangaea broke apart millions of years ago. A Single Supercontinent Pangaea, therefore, means all the Earth. Around the single protocontinent or Pangaea was a single ocean called Panthalassa (all the sea). More than 2,000,000 years ago, in the late Triassic Period, Pangaea broke apart. Although Pangaea is a hypothesis, the idea that all the continents once formed a single supercontinent makes sense when you look at the shapes of the continents and how well they essentially fit together. Paleozoic and Mesozoic Era Pangaea, also known as Pangea, existed as a supercontinent during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic time periods.  The Paleozoic geologic era translates to ancient life and is over 250 million years old. Considered a time of evolutionary transformation, it ended with one of the biggest extinction events on Earth taking over 30 million years to recover due to it being on land. The Mesozoic era refers to the time in between the Paleozoic and Cenozoic era and extended over 150 million years ago. The Synopsis by Alfred Wegener In his book The Origin of Continents and Oceans,  Wegener foretold plate tectonics and provided an explanation for continental drift. Despite this,  the book is received as both influential and controversial even today, due to the opposition divided amongst geologists regarding his geographic theories.  His research created a forward understanding of the technical and scientific logic before the shift was confirmed. For example, Wegener mentioned  the fit of South America and Africa, ancient climate similarities, fossil evidence, comparisons of rock structures and more. An  excerpt from the book below demonstrates his geological theory: "In the whole of geophysics, there is probably hardly another law of such clarity and reliability as this- that there are two preferential levels for the world’s surface which occur in alternation side by side and are represented by the continents and the ocean floors, respectively. It is therefore very surprising that scarcely anyone has tried to explain this law."- Alfred L. Wegener, Interesting Pangaea Facts In mythology, Hercules wrestled with the giant Antaeus, who gained his strength from his mother, Gaia.Pangea lasted over 300 million years ago  and started to break apart around 175 million years ago.The contemporary theory suggests that the Earths outer shell is broken up into several plates that move over the Earths rocky shell. This is what we know of plate tectonics today.The process of Pangaea was put together slowly over time.  In fact, it took a few hundred million years before it was formed.

Epsilon Eridani Information

Epsilon Eridani Information Ever hear of Epsilon Eridani? Its a nearby star and famous from a number of science fiction stories, shows, and movies. This star is also home to at least one planet, which has caught the eye of professional astronomers. Putting Epsilon Eridani into Perspective The Sun lives in a relatively quiet and fairly empty region of the Milky Way galaxy. Only a few stars are right nearby, with the closest ones being 4.1 light-years away. Those are Alpha, Beta, and Proxima Centauri. A few others lie a bit farther away, among them Epsilon Eridani. Its the tenth closest star to our Sun and is one of the closest stars known to have a planet (called Epsilon Eridani b). There may be an unconfirmed second planet (Epsilon Eridani c). While this nearby neighbor is smaller, cooler and slightly less luminous than our own Sun, Epsilon Eridani is visible to the naked eye, and is the third closest star that is viewable without a telescope. Its also featured in a number of science fiction stories, shows, and movies.   Finding Epsilon Eridani This star is a southern-hemisphere object but is visible from parts of the northern hemisphere. To find it, look for the constellation Eridanus, which lies between the constellation  Orion and nearby Cetus. Eridanus has long been described as a celestial river by stargazers. Epsilon is the seventh star in the river that extends from Orions bright foot star Rigel.   Exploring this Nearby Star Epsilon Eridani has been studied in great detail by both ground-based and orbiting telescopes. NASAs Hubble Space Telescope  observed the star in collaboration with a set of  ground-based observatories, in the search for any planets around the star. They found a  Jupiter-sized world, and its very close to Epsilon Eridani. The idea of a planet around Epsilon Eridani is not a new one. Astronomers have studied this stars motions for decades. Tiny, periodic changes in its velocity as it moves through space indicated that something was orbiting the star. The planet gave mini-tugs to the star, which caused its motion to shift ever so slightly. It now turns out that, in addition to the confirmed planet(s) that astronomers think are orbiting the star, there is a dust disk, likely created by collisions of planetesimals in the recent past. There are also two belts of rocky asteroids orbiting the star at distances of 3 and 20 astronomical units. (An astronomical unit is a distance between Earth and the Sun.) There are also debris fields around the star, leftovers indicating that planetary formation did indeed take place at Epsilon Eridani.   A Magnetic Star Epsilon Eridani is an interesting star in its own right, even without its planets. At less than a billion years old, its very youthful. Its also a variable star, which means that its light varies on a regular cycle. In addition,  it shows a lot of magnetic activity, more so than the Sun does. That higher rate of activity, along with its very fast rotation rate (11.2 days for one rotation on its axis, compared to 24.47 days for our Sun), helped astronomers determine that the star is likely only about 800 million years old.   Thats practially a newborn in star years, and explains why theres still a detectable debris field in the area.   Could ET Live on Epsilon Eridanis Planets? Its not likely theres life on this stars known world, although astronomers once speculated about such life signaling us from that area of the galaxy. Epsilon Eridani has also been suggested as a target for interstellar explorers whenever such missions are finally ready to leave Earth for the stars. In 1995, a microwave survey of the sky, called Project Phoenix, searched for signals from extraterrestrials that might inhabit various star systems. Epsilon Eridani was one of its targets, but no signals were found.   Epsilon Eridani in Science Fiction This star has been used in many science fiction stories, TV shows, and films. Something about its name seems to invite fabulous stories, and its relative closeness suggests that future explorers will make it a landing target.   Epsilon Eridani is central in the Dorsai! series, written by Gordon R. Dickson. Dr. Isaac Asimov featured it in his novel Foundations Edge, and it is also part of the book Factoring Humanity  by Robert J. Sawyer. All told, the star has shown up in more than two dozen books and stories and is part of the Babylon 5 and Star Trek  universes, and in several movies.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Edited and expanded by  Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Work based project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Work based project - Essay Example The teacher who keeps an open mind also gains a lot of learning observing how his students derive answers from their discovery process, sometimes, differently from how he did it. This dynamic is likewise possible for two teachers sharing a mentoring relationship.. A collaborative learning effort usually transpires in a mentoring relationship. A mentor and sound off some ideas and a mentee can take them up and dig deeper to unveil a phenomenon. The mentor, likewise does his research to be able to support the efforts of the student. A healthy teaching-learning environment prevails in such a productive collaboration. This report will chronicle a mentoring relationship between a veteran teacher and an on-the job novice teacher who is taking up further studies in education to equip her with more professional skills in her chosen career. It will follow the progress of the novice teacher’s growth within a span of a semester. Her mentor will ably guide her in the requirements of her studies in graduate school as well as in her teaching practice with toddlers. I have had the opportunity of interviewing both mentor, Anna and mentee, Ruth. Their mentoring relationship has been ongoing for several months now, as Ruth is Anna’s teacher assistant in her toddlers’ class. Ruth also has the privilege of having Anna help her out in her graduate school requirements as she provides the connections between theory and practice, and points out specific examples from their own class. Anna is a veteran educator, with her experience spanning over two decades. She has worked with preschool children and their families from the time she graduated from college. She has established her own preschool that has been running for eighteen years now. Due to heavy enrolment, she has also taken some classes to handle herself. On top of

Management and auditing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management and auditing - Article Example iability of the information that IT system supports and the system operate with the required intention to produce reliable outputs (GFS Consulting, 2014). ITGC comprises of the following control types: Secondly, I recommend that the agency adopt IT Application controls. The application is designed and operates automatically in ensuring accurate and complete processing of data. They vary with the type of business and the purpose. Similarly, they are very essential in ensuring the privacy and security of information which are transmitted between applications (GFS Consulting, 2014). There are many types of IT applications and they include: Moreover, there is a need to have IT controls and Chief Information Officer (CIO) or Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) who will oversee the accuracy, security as well as the reliability of the systems managing and reporting the organizational data. Enterprise Resource Planning System and financial accounting are integrated with the initiation and authorization, processing as well as reporting of financial data. Therefore, they may involve Sarbanes-Oxley compliance to mitigate particular financial risk that the agency may face (GFS Consulting, 2014). I believe additional IT control of the 22 employees will benefit the organization as it will be able to control access to the organizational data. Authorization will be essential in controlling the personnel who are required to access company information. Additionally, the agency will be able to have an automated system which detects and fix problems hence minimizing human interference. Every personnel will have a history on how he or she uses the system, hence helping in making further recommendations and adjustments on how to control the agency

Demonstrative Communication Essay Example for Free

Demonstrative Communication Essay Provide examples showing how demonstrative communication can be effective and ineffective, positive and negative, for the sender and receiver.   Demonstrative Communication is the process of people’s thoughts and messages of communicating by actively listening in verbal and nonverbal communication. Depending on how a message is communicated, â€Å"can be effective and ineffective, either positive or negative† (Juancho24, 2012). Communication is used everywhere for instance all over the world. There are many forms of communication by applying communication process model for example; â€Å"sender/receiver, encoding, decoding, message, channel, and feedback† (Cheesbro, O’Connor, and Rios, 2010). Learning to develop communication skills can help individuals to carry appropriate conversations and to interpret the connection with one another. There are many ways to communicate verbal and nonverbal for example, a parent tells his child how proud he is to be his parent and then gives him a hug, the parent expresses verbal communication by using positive words and applies nonverbal communication with a hug, body language. Individuals express verbal communication through oral or written skills. Verbal communication is the tone of voice that indicates how engaged the topic is and the ability to realize the emotions perceived. A person’s tempo in a conversation can be understood with the ideas being communicated. When sending a message in verbal communication the words accustomed to, can convey differently then how the receiver defines the context. Nonverbal communication is unstoppable and significantly valuable as much as speaking with a loud tone of voice and communicating verbally. In nonverbal communication, â€Å"All types of communication do not involve the exchange of words,† is defined as nonverbal communication† (Rogers Steinfatt, 1999, p. 67). A facial expression is the most common skill used in nonverbal communication for example; a smile or frown, eye contact, body language, and gestures. Overall, nonverbal communication can be effective positively and can be negatively ineffective in two different points of views. First example, husbands and wives communicate with each other by observing each other’s body language. This is a positive way of communication by effectively knowing each others thoughts. Second example, Children know as soon as their parents turn to look at them, the meaning is to stop misbehaving and could mean they are in trouble. The second example used is both effective and ineffective. Third example, a smile or frown can interpret a person to be happy or angry. The person could also be interpreted as approachable or would rather be left alone. This is positively effective and negatively ineffective. Fourth example, an individual waving or a hand shake in America, can be interrupted as a friendly sign or a strong individual but can also be interrupted as insulting and rude in other countries. This example is both effective and ineffective with positive and negative communication. However, verbal communication consequently has similar negatively ineffective as positively effective. First example, the lack of listening leads to misconception and when listening carefully the outcome becomes essential to the receiver. Both examples are ineffective and effective. Second example, is the choice of vocabulary and taking into consideration who will be receiving the information. This is used by effectively positive. Third example, the lack of verbal speech and failing to interpret the proper speech causes misunderstanding. In another way the proper use of speech can help the receiver to understand what is being interpreted. Example is used by ineffective with negative outcome but if used correctly can be effective with positive outcomes. Explain how demonstrative communication involves listening and responding. Listening and responding is used in demonstrative communication to engage the active communication skill from sender to receiver. This process is very important to both sender and receiver, by actively listening and ready to respond. One example is a sender and receiver must be willing to communicate properly. â€Å"Accurate listening efficiency promotes retention of important information, resulting in fewer misunderstandings and on-the-job errors† (Wilson, n.d., p. 1). Once a sender is ready to send out a message it is important for the receiver to receive the correct information by evaluating the message sent, this way the receiver can respond back with feedback and a solution. Applying the steps in the communication process model, mentioned in the first paragraph of this essay will go hand in hand with the practice of listening and responding which will help by demonstrating communication through the steps being practice. An example of listening and responding with children is, â€Å"monkey see monkey do† (Uebergang, 2006, Dec.20). Listening and responding is a process to be learned as individuals who continues to repeat the process with a good attitude. Conclusion Communicating can never be avoided no matter how hard we try and cannot solve every issue. Demonstrative communicate is an ongoing process of how we interact within one another every day, in different settings of environment such as professional, at home, work, and community. Verbal and nonverbal communication is deceiving if misunderstood. Therefore, communicating can be a lifelong advancement. References Cheesebro, T., O’Connor, L., Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the workplace. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Juancho24 (2012, 02). Demonstrative Communication. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 02, 2012, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Demonstrative-Communication-914632.html Rogers, E. M., Steinfatt, T. M. (1999). Intercultural communication. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press. Uebergang, J. (2006, December 20). Teaching your child listening skills. Improving our â€Å"signals† and â€Å"beings.† Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www.earthlingcommunication.com/blog/teachingyour-child-listening-skills.php Wilson, B. (n.d.). Practical benefits of better listening forleaders and teams. Retrieved April 6, 2007, from www.businesslistening.com/leadership_listening-skills.php

Beyond the Meat :: Writing Education Writer Essays

Beyond the Meat Ok then, so far you have been told that the theme paper is the meat of the main course for the meal of college writing, and in order to excel in the process of education you must master the boundaries of the five paragraph dilemma. You must know how to use the knife and fork of discovery. To know the boundaries is to know style. You have learned the technique of writing (or eating a theme paper). Congratulations to yourself! You are well on your way to enlightenment or in the very least employment! Ok then, so you are well acquainted with the boundaries of the theme and have even picked up a few interesting techniques along the way. Now you must cross over the borders... invade the undiscovered country of whatever monster (forms) lie beyond. It is easy to cross the borders, just take a step and your over; and then... what? You definitely do not want to look out of the window and describe what you see, that would be too much like that masterpiece of ambiguity "Untitled". You have nowhere to turn to so you ask your sleeping cats if they have any clue as to what lies beyond the theme (just in case there is some modicum of truth between the myth and the reality). Dada-dee, Dada-dum... Ok, so you decide that writing is about boundaries, about how a form is contained, and in themes boundaries help you to express ideas -- Right? Maybe to express ideas about what lies beyond the theme you have to cross more boundaries. Cool, you decide that you will not use pronouns; or better yet, you will interchange pronouns -- I, You, He, she, It, We, They (and sometimes "Y" and and "W") -- just randomly substitute one word for another. Meaning looses all sense of subject importance. How much MEANING do you really want to convey or understand? [INSERT METAPHOR HERE] Ok then , so you think "MEANING", Dada-dee, Dada-dum. Clarity is in the eyes of the beholders and you feel beholden to whomever said that. Words come floating into your room, they circumnavigate the breath of your understanding and settle next to your sleeping cats... Phonemes, paroles, logocentrism, signs and signifiers... RATS! Words have a connoted meaning to the reader. A random placement of the articles of language will move you outside of the borders; but into an Eitherland of gibberish.

Families Are Not as Close as They Used to Be Essay

With divorce rates and family breakdowns increasing globally, it is generally accepted that families today ate not as close as they used to be. Discuss the causes of this prblem and offer some possible solutions to it. Divorce rates were increasing faster than few decades ago, it is not a rare thing that happens in daily life. Many families have to change to previous life and to adjust the inconveniences. In the essay, I intend to discuss the relevant reasons behind this phenomenon. Chief among these causes is the modern lifestyle. Since the financial stresses are heavier than past years, parents need to have a double-income to support their family, which will help them to get a better quality of life. Admittedly, it is very difficult to have a sufficient education under parentless environment. They are departed from their parents most of times. Without a doubt, they feel alienated and have to face the time being alone. Another contributing reason is the ways of entertainment have been changed to internet related activities, which only involved single player. In order to resolve this problem, I believe we must first address its root causes. If one of parents can have more time to stay at home and to take care of their children, they will feel less alienated. In the situation of receiving the incentive from government, one of parents could fully education their children and don’t need to worry about the financial constrains. Yet, the incentive might not bring as much compensation as the income from working does. Parents could at least remain the fundamental quality of the life, at the same time, to soften the hardship of their family. One further measure would be to promote more interact leisure activities from local government and thorough any public efforts. In the conclusion, I believe that it is a clear problem of such complex that no solution in a short term. However, I believe the measure outlined above will lay a good basis to start.

Persuasive: Times Roman and Personal Music Players

Graded Assignment Responding to a Persuasive Prompt Type your name, the date, your teacher’s name, and your school name at the top of this page. Type or paste your draft into this document. Be sure that your draft is double-spaced and in 12 point, Times New Roman font. Save the file as BWL_S1_06. 05_Critical Skills Practice_FirstInitial_LastName. doc. Example: BWL_S1_06. 5_Critical Skills Practice_M_Smith. doc (50 points) Read the prompt below. Consider your position on the issue. Then respond to the prompt with a well-developed multiparagraph essay. You have 30 minutes to complete this assignment. Your assignment will be graded based on the Persuasive Prompt Grading Rubric. The rubric can be found in your Unit Resources. Prompt Many teens and young adults have personal music players, such as MP3s, that allow them to take their favorite music with them wherever they go.Such devices require earbuds, and users can often be seen with at least one earbud firmly in place, listening to music as they go about their daily business. Some critics of these music players, however, argue that users tend to be isolated in the world of their music. Users, these critics say, do not really pay attention to what is going on around them; and they behave rudely when they carry on conversations with others while wearing at least one earbud. Assignment: Do personal music players such as MP3s isolate their users and hamper social interaction?Should such devices be set aside in some situations to promote social interaction and even safety? Plan and write a response in which you state your position and persuade readers to agree with you. Support your opinions with reasons and examples. Type your draft here. Have you ever thought about how possibly that iPod you have in your hands could be keeping you distracted from the world you live in? Well in fact I believe that’s exactly what it does. With all of these advancements in technology, especially in the Apple industry we h ave the newest, smartest, and fastest technology on the market in our hands.We can surf the web from anywhere, listen to music, take pictures, txt, call, and the list goes on and on. With all of this power in our hands it distracts us from our daily life. We have become so caught up in these gadgets that it isolates us. I believe that through the use of our iPods, mp3 players, or our phones, it hampers our social interaction. We become so caught up in the life we live through our phones that we miss out on the life that is happening right in front of our eyes. I am guilty of doing this. Just the other day I was at the mall sitting there listening to music and using my iPod.I would look up from my iPod every few minutes and notice how so much had changed and I didn’t even know it. There was nobody around me when I first sat down but after a few minutes I looked up to notice people all around me and I had no idea they were there. I was so caught up in my iPod that I missed out on what was happening right in front of me. It goes to show just how distracting and consuming this technology can be. I truly believe that sometimes we just need to learn to set whatever our source of technology is to the side and just be social.For example, while you are sitting in class at school and you have a teacher that allows you to text in class; it would be more beneficial for you to pay attention to what the teacher is saying rather than texting on your phone. It is way too distracting for you and the people around you; you miss out on what the teacher is saying and it affects you in the long run. Also, when the test rolls around, it would be nice to know the material, and if you were too busy on your phone, you would have no idea. It is clear that sometimes we need to learn to set aside our technology from distracting us.This is because what is going on in front of us is way more important. IPods, phones, mp3 players, etc. are all amazing devices and I am blessed to be a ble to own one. However, with all of this power in our hands it distracts us from our daily life. We just need to learn how to evaluate whether or not it is appropriate at the time to use them. It is not worth missing out on your life. So set the phone aside and enjoy what you have been missing out on all along. |Your Score |___ of 50 |

Benefits of the Death Penalty essays

Benefits of the Death Penalty essays Of all global issues, capital punishment has been a source of controversy since its beginning in the Eighteenth Century B.C. In those days, executions were carried out in many fashions including crucifixion, drowning, and beating to death. Executions now consist of the gas chamber, lethal injection, electrocution and the firing squad. Since its beginning, protestors argue there is no justification for this punishment as it violates a criminals rights. Research shows that capital punishment is beneficial as it has reduced the rate of both murder and serial killing across the globe. One argument against capital punishment concerns the moral right to execute criminals. Protestors argue that the commandment Thou shalt not kill should apply to any form of killing. The Bible condones and dictates death for murder and various other offenses such as kidnapping and sodomy. In Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen. 18-19), God destroyed the two cities because of the appalling sins of its people. Another argument is the criminals rights regarding mistreatment in prisons. They are given adequate food and shelter, which does not constitute mistreatment. An argument in favor of capital punishment is overpopulation. Several violent criminals are given life sentences, some with the possibility of parole and many are repeat offenders. Too many criminals released on parole find another victim and repeat their behavior. Some criminals prefer a life in jail to life on the outside for reasons such as not having to work and the quality of care they receive while in prison. Overpopulation is an increasingly bigger problem than was once anticipated and has created the need for more funding so more prisons can be built. A stronger reason in support of capital punishment is the amount of funds currently used, such as providing food and shelter for inmates, which can drain the economy. Although the relief of capital punishment seems ...

Perlocutionary Acts Definition and Examples

Perlocutionary Acts Definition and Examples In speech-act theory, a perlocutionary act is an action or state of mind brought about by, or as a consequence of, saying something. It is also known as  a perlocutionary effect. The distinction between the illocutionary act and the  perlocutionary act is  important, says Ruth M. Kempson: The  perlocutionary act is  the consequent effect on the hearer which the speaker intends should follow from his utterance. Kempson offers this summary of the three interrelated speech acts originally presented by John L. Austin in How to Do Things With Words published in 1962: A speaker utters sentences with a particular meaning (locutionary act), and with a particular force (illocutionary act), in order to achieve a certain effect on the hearer (perlocutionary act). Examples and Observations A. P. Martinich, in his book, Communication and Reference, defines a perlocutionary act as follows: Intuitively, a perlocutionary act is an act performed by saying something, and not in saying something. Persuading, angering, inciting, comforting and inspiring are often perlocutionary acts; but they would never begin an answer to the question What did he say? Perlocutionary acts, in contrast with locutionary and illocutionary acts, which are governed by conventions, are not conventional but natural acts (Austin [1955], p. 121). Persuading, angering, inciting, etc. cause physiological changes in the audience, either in their states or behavior; conventional acts do not. An Example of a Perlocutionary Effect Nicholas Allott gives this view of a perlocutionary act in his book, Key Terms in Pragmatics: Consider a negotiation with a hostage-taker under siege. The police negotiator says: If you release the children, well allow the press to publish your demands. In making that utterance she has offered a deal (illocutionary act).  Suppose the  hostage-taker accepts the deal  and as a consequence releases the children. In that case, we can say that by making the utterance, the negotiator brought about the release of the children, or in more technical terms, that this was a perlocutionary effect of the utterance. Shouting Fire In her book, Speaking Back: The Free Speech Versus Hate Speech Debate, Katharine Gelber explains the effect of shouting fire in a crowded venue: In the perlocutionary instance, an act is performed by saying something. For example, if someone shouts fire and by that act causes people to exit a building which they believe to be on fire, they have performed the perlocutionary act of convincing other people to exit the building....In another example, if a jury foreperson declares guilty in a courtroom in which an accused person sits, the illocutionary act of declaring a person guilty of a crime has been undertaken. The perlocutionary act related to that illocution is that, in reasonable circumstances, the accused person would be convinced that they were to be led from the courtroom into a jail cell. Perlocutionary acts are acts intrinsically related to the illocutionary act which precedes them, but discrete and able to be differentiated from the illocutionary act. The Accordion Effect Marina Sbis, in an essay titled, Locution, Illocution, Perlocution, notes why perlocution can have a surprising effect: Perlocution has no upper border: any consequential effect of a speech act may be considered as perlocutionary. If breaking news surprises you so that you trip and fall, my announcement has not only been believed true by you (which is already a perlocutionary effect) and thus surprised you, but has also made you trip. fall, and (say) injure your ankle. This aspect of the so-called accordion effect concerning actions and speech actions in particular (see Austin 1975: 110-115; Feinberg 1964) meets general consent, apart from those speech-act theorists who prefer to limit the notion of perlocutionary effect to intended perlocutionary effects.... Sources Allott, Nicholas. Key Terms in Pragmatics. Continuum, 2011.Gelber, Katharine. Speaking Back: The Free Speech Versus Hate Speech Debate. John Benjamins, 2002.Martinich, A. P.  Communication and Reference. Walter de Gruyter, 1984.Sbis, Marina. Locution, Illocution, Perlocution in Pragmatics of Speech Actions, ed. by  Marina Sbis and Ken Turner. Walter de Gruyter, 2013.

Assessment analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assessment analysis - Essay Example In the new expectations though, the items titled "Background" and "Statement of the problem" become one content item and the items titled "Purpose" and "Research questions" also become one content item. Also, the current first chapter has an additional content item titled "School Fighting using Deadly Weapons", whose content should exist as part of the first chapter's introduction described in the new expectations, and another item titled "Significance of the study", whose content should exist as part of the content item "Purpose and research questions" (2007, p. 3, 6). At the same time, the current first chapter lacks the item titled "Content of the action research study/project" which should come between the items "Purpose and research questions" and "Definitions of terms" (2007, p. 7-8). Regarding the order of content items in the first chapter, a difference can be seen. In the currently written chapter, the order is as follows: Assumptions, Delimitation, Definitions (of terms), and Summary, while in the new expectations, the order is as follows: Content of the action research study/project, Definitions of terms, and Summary.

Is the Nation state finished Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is the Nation state finished - Essay Example This implies that the concept of nation states came after establishment of nations from the efforts of nationalists who were seeking sovereignty. However, there are also theories suggesting that nation state concept came around as an effort to unify already existing states. Borrowing from both views it seems that concept of nation state was founded after establishment of states. For example, some nation states such as Germany and Italy arguably came into existence as a result of nationalists efforts through campaigns to unify the state. Earlier on both these states were divided into several states small states and the unification began on the basis of cultural movements and later on evolved thereby acquiring political significance. For example, there is the case of the Volkish movement in Germany that comprised mainly of German speaking people from different states which later gained political significance. This implies that there is some substantial truth in claiming that the concep t came after creation of states. Away from matters revolving around origin of the nation states, there are more pressing and imminent matters with regard to its future. There are concerns over the existence of nation states due to current influential factors such as globalization. Globalization is the unification and integration of states with an aim of sharing views, ideas, and products in the wake of modernization. Amid these increased interactions among states there are concerns over the effects of globalization to individual sovereignty of states. This is because globalization may seem to somewhat exploit some states hence undermining sovereignty (Kennett, 2008, p.3). For example, there are claims that in such relations between nation states with distinct economic levels, low economy states are prone to exploitation from the high economy states. Moreover, in the modern day there has been increased threats on the security of many nations especially with the

IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW OR IMPROVED PRODUCT IN SERVICES INDUSTRY Essay

IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW OR IMPROVED PRODUCT IN SERVICES INDUSTRY - Essay Example The customers’ interests on the safety as well as the return on the investments in the case of investment products or the risk coverage in the case of insurance products have to be thoroughly analysed and the implementation plan drawn in such a way that there will be a smooth transition in the case of an improvement over the existing product. In the case of new products adequate review process about the suitability of the product to the customer should be undertaken to ensure that the new product is accepted well by the customers and the implementation process is carried out in efficient and effective ways beneficial to the organization and the customers alike. Implementation in the organization means how the new or improved product will be correlated to the existing operations of the organization in compliance with the policy and the procedures of the organization. This process is of paramount importance, as the success of the introduction of the new product or improvement ov er the existing product lies in the way how it is integrated in the organisational hierarchy. This paper attempts to discuss in detail the steps involved in the implementation of a new or improved product in the service industry and the associated issues and problems that need to be addressed to make the implementation effective. As stated earlier, implementation is the process by which the new or improved financial service product is brought in to the stream of the current operational systems and procedures of the organization. First of all the adaptability of the product to suit the customer needs should be explained and people at all levels of the organization should be made to understand the saleability of the product. This process should start from the time the very idea of the product is conceived. Just as a proper designing of an engineering product is important for

History Of The Revolt Of 1857 History Essay

History Of The Revolt Of 1857 History Essay Took place in Meerut, was one of the most important events that occurred in the historical background of South Asia. It was commonly known as the Sepoy Rebellion. It was mainly important due to the fact that it was a very first attempt to gaining independence of India by all means of going against the British rule directed by the British East India Company. There are several different factors that led to the convergence of this revolt which include: Dalhousies annexation of Awadh in 1856, role of the greased cartridges of rifles, the siege of Kanpur, the dissatisfaction of Indian civilians towards the British economic and social policies over many decades, and the aftermath of the revolutionary uprising. Before the revolt had even begun, there was a wide selection criteria of recruitment of sepoys based on caste and experience. In 1772, Warren Hastings was appointed the first Governor-General of the East India Companys Indian territories, with a task of setting up ordered system of government in British India. One of his first undertakings was expansion of companys army base. This move was taken to support establishment of strong and permanent civil administrative functioning throughout Indian subcontinent (Metcalf M, 56). The Company heavily recruited Indian soldiers in the army. The recruited Indian army man sepoy was a mix of men from Hindu and Muslim societies. Hastings insisted on recruiting soldiers from higher Hindu castes, like Rajputs and Brahmins, and rejected those who had served Nawab as unreliable. The Company also adopted military practices to accommodate cast and religious customs of Indian soldiers to avoid any social grievance amongst them. This high cast ritual sta tus left government vulnerable to protests, whenever sepoys detected the infringement of their rights and social and religious customs (Metcalf M, 61). The sepoys showed signs of dissatisfaction throughout the first half of nineteenth century over British Company carelessly adding new provocations, such as the passage of General Services Enlistment Act of 1856, which required soldiers to undertake to serve abroad after the refusal of units to fight Burma. The afghan debacle of 1842 had also led the company to widen the circle of caste and regional groups from which they recruited in to the Bengal army. This new recruitment policy was disliked by the Rajputs and Brahmans who were the only people initially recruited in Bengal army (Bose Jalal, 70-71) The next focus of the revolt was Dalhousies annexation of Awadh in 1856. This important event caused a political and economic conflicts and lead directly to the mutiny and rebellion the very next year in 1857. The reason for this is because no questions were asked about the lack of heirs since the nawab ruler was simply accused of misgovernment and the state was finally annexed against his will. The transfer of power over the nawabs protests offended the Muslim reputation. Tax collectors who were called taluqdars, peasants, and artisans also participated in the revolt in order to collapse the newly installed British administration in the residency of Lucknow which was the same place where the downfall of nawab was planned (BoseJalal, 72). The British camps panicked as they found out that there could be a possible end to their rule on the hundredth anniversary of Plassey (BoseJalal, 72). In addition, this event had an effect on the British armys role of religion because faith could no t divide the Indian army rebellions. Their common cause was the anti-colonial, patriotic, and Mughal ruler as proclaimed their true sovereign of the heterogeneously constituted group. Muslims and Hindus mutually participated in the revolt and both used religious rhetoric towards wider mobilization, yet religious identities were part of multiple identities which separated caste, jati, language, and tribal class. Awadhs annexation resulted in loss of honor and prestige for regional superior groups especially upper caste sepoys. On the 10 May 1857, sepoys of Meerut heavily protested British officers for introducing new Enfield rifles. These rifles were introduced because it was more accurate and effective then the old rifles being used. The rumor spread among the soldiers that cartridge made for this new rifles were packed in mixture of beef and pork fat, and cover of those cartridge had to be bitten off prior to loading (Schmidt, 72). Such mixture of fat was offensive to both Hindus and Muslims. Eighty-five of the Indian soldiers were brutally punished for refusing the use of these new cartridges. After this even Indian soldiers were getting confident with their belief that British company is trying to destroy their religion and society before forcing their conversion to Christianity. On a night after eighty-five of the sepoys sentenced to imprisonment, the sepoy cantonment based in Meerut massacred the English residents of town and marched towards Delhi to start war against British under the leadership of Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah (Metcalf M, 101). The Seige of Kanpur is another key episode in the Indian rebellion of 1857. After the rebellious sepoys left Meerut, where they initially started the mutiny, they marched down to Delhi next in order to convince a weak Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II who was ineffective and had no power, in order to assist them against the British (Schmidt 72); However, news of the rebellion spread throughout the central gangetic plains, central and eastern India and similar rebellion outburst amongst the sepoys at Kanpur. Unfortunately, nothing seemed to work at the end since the group lacked unity and went to different leaders for help. The besieged British in Kanpur were not prepared for an extended siege and surrendered to rebel Indian forces under Nana Sahib in return for a safe passage to Allahabad. The evacuation from Kanpur was quite violent when it turned into a battle. Those captured were executed as an East India Company rescue force. British women and children were killed in Kanpur and bel ow 200 rebels were slaughtered in Lucknow. British forces made violent retaliatory attacks against the rebellions and civilians after the recapture of Kanpur and the sepoys in the Kanpur siege were taken to the Memorial and forced to lick blood stains off its floor and walls. Overall, the dissatisfaction of Indian civilians over British social and economic policies leads to the revolt due to a response to multiple grievances. One of the important grievances of all was the singling out of religious communities leading to breaks in unity between Hindus and Muslims. The revolt was taken as a holy war even by some sections of Muslims (Bose Jalal, 74). The revolt was also an infused sense of patrionism for the people of their country, if not nationalism (Bose Jalal, 73). However, the British were singling out the religious communities and attempting to break the unity. Hindus and Muslims felt the necessity to build and preserve Muslim and Hindu community. Even the Muslim leaders were aware of a possible separation between the Hindus and Muslims by the foreigners. Therefore, Muslim and Hindu leaders held meetings in order to bring back unity for the same goal of independence. Both communities had realized how colonial rule was identified as the common problem and how the independence was necessary so they had to fight for their rights in order to save their own nation. Other grievances included the severity of revenue assessments in which new revenue systems also lead to the sudden loss of their lands which was forced by landlords into poverty (Schmidt, 72) and the demeaning of princely and landed elites such as the nawab downfall of Awadh. The reason for this revenue issue was because the farmers were not able to meet their debt due to higher taxations imposed on them by the British resulting in the landlords loss. Lastly, the British social policies angered many Indians. This included the abolition of female infanticide, thuggee, and sati (Schmidt, 72). The aftermath of the 1857 revolt resulted in a reaction against British racial arrogance which was a key feature of the mid-Victorian era (Bose Jalal, 76). The British had won in 1858; however it was not without long-term effects because Company rule in India was replaced by Crown rule in which the parliament assumed full control over the British Indian Affairs (Schmidt, 72). The rebellion itself only served to harden the lines of racial hatred. There was brutality coming from both sides. However, the rebellion faced capital punishment for the killings of British women and children. Although most were hanged, thousands were strapped and blown up in front of cannons. Even after the war had ended, the mental and psychological wounds of it did not. The revolt impacted the governance infrastructures because the taxation system was remade in order to restore the finances of the Indian administration. For example, income tax was imposed on wealthier urban groups for the first time. Finally, the revolutionary uprising of 1857 was a movement which portrayed Indias patriotism and unity. The Sepoy Rebellion changed the shape of the British empire in ways which may have had helped their attitude through the actual Independence of India in 1947. The unique characteristics of this revolt involved resistance, intensity, and the development to a certain degree. The aftermath of the revolt brought beneficial reforms into the country of South Asia. Indias first determination in the Revolt of 1857 to fight for their freedom even after Indias loss against British rule remains the most memorable movement of South Asian history.

Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues - Same-Sex Marriage and the Destructio

Same-Sex Marriage and the Destruction of American Culture      Ã‚  Ã‚   The late 20th century disintegration of marriage is epoch-defining and hazardous to moral health. The question of legally recognizing same-sex marriage - thrust upon us by recent court decisions - culminates this disintegration.    There are many reasons why the ills of marriage are so pivotal. Marriage is the principle of sexual morality. Immoral sexual acts are often wrong for other reasons, too, such as the injustice of imposing oneself sexually upon another without consent. But all immoral sexual activity is wrong because it is non-marital.    Our law until recently recognized this pivotal role of marriage. As United States Supreme Court Justice John Harlan wrote in 1961, "[T]he laws regarding marriage . . . provide both when the sexual powers may be used and the legal and societal context in which children are born and brought up . . . laws forbidding adultery, fornication and homosexual practice . . . express the negative of that proposition." (Exploring)    Besides the centrality of marriage to sexual ethics, our law always knew that a social commitment to marriage entailed a wide pattern of restraint upon all, married and unmarried alike. Marriage is not only a lot of work for married couples; it is a high maintenance deal for any society that recognizes it as the unique opportunity for human flourishing that it is.    But what if a great many people come to believe that one is entitled to regular sexual satisfaction regardless of the willingness of one's spouse, if indeed there is a spouse at all? It is not necessary to imagine what this asserted right to sexual satisfaction would do to a society. We mer... ...that your new next door neighbors are an Episcopal priest and an Air Force pilot - and that both are women! Where such couples set up shop, they will become part of the neighborhood's furniture. You will be lucky to find a haven from them, and luckier still if you can somehow nevertheless convince your children of the truth about marriage.    The cultural effects of legalizing same-sex marriage will be devastating. What of that civil law debate? It seems that the vast majority of the American people oppose same sex marriage. And surely our legal tradition, including constitutional law, does not support extension of marriage to same-sex couples. But, then, there is the filtering device of liberal neutrality.    WORKS CITED: Exploring Constitutional Conflicts. http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/homeiscastle.htm